{"title":"Pololu","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"pololu-a4988-stepper-motor-driver-carrier-black-edition","title":"Pololu A4988 Stepper Motor Driver Carrier, Black Edition","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis product is a carrier board or breakout board for Allegro’s A4988 DMOS Microstepping Driver with Translator and Overcurrent Protection; we therefore recommend careful reading of the \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/www.pololu.com\/file\/download\/a4988_DMOS_microstepping_driver_with_translator.pdf?file_id=0J450\"\u003eA4988 datasheet\u003c\/a\u003e (380k pdf) before using this product.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis stepper motor driver lets you control one bipolar stepper motor at up to 2 A output current per coil (see the\u003cem\u003ePower Dissipation Considerations\u003c\/em\u003e section below for more information). Here are some of the driver’s key features:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSimple step and direction control interface\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFive different step resolutions: full-step, half-step, quarter-step, eighth-step, and sixteenth-step\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdjustable current control lets you set the maximum current output with a potentiometer, which lets you use voltages above your stepper motor’s rated voltage to achieve higher step rates\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntelligent chopping control that automatically selects the correct current decay mode (fast decay or slow decay)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOver-temperature thermal shutdown, under-voltage lockout, and crossover-current protection\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eShort-to-ground and shorted-load protection\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4-layer, 2 oz copper PCB for improved heat dissipation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExposed solderable ground pad below the driver IC on the bottom of the PCB\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis product ships with all surface-mount components—including the A4988 driver IC—installed as shown in the product picture.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003ePower connections\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe driver requires a logic supply voltage (3 – 5.5 V) to be connected across the VDD and GND pins and a motor supply voltage (8 – 35 V) to be connected across VMOT and GND. These supplies should have appropriate decoupling capacitors close to the board, and they should be capable of delivering the expected currents (peaks up to 4 A for the motor supply).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWarning:\u003c\/strong\u003e This carrier board uses low-ESR ceramic capacitors, which makes it susceptible to destructive \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/www.pololu.com\/docs\/0J16\"\u003eLC voltage spikes\u003c\/a\u003e, especially when using power leads longer than a few inches. Under the right conditions, these spikes can exceed the 35 V maximum voltage rating for the A4988 and permanently damage the board, even when the motor supply voltage is as low as 12 V. One way to protect the driver from such spikes is to put a large (at least 47 µF) electrolytic capacitor across motor power (VMOT) and ground somewhere close to the board.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eMotor connections\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFour, six, and eight-wire stepper motors can be driven by the A4988 if they are properly connected; a \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/www.pololu.com\/catalog\/product\/2128\/faqs\"\u003eFAQ answer\u003c\/a\u003e explains the proper wirings in detail.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWarning:\u003c\/strong\u003e Connecting or disconnecting a stepper motor while the driver is powered can destroy the driver. (More generally, rewiring anything while it is powered is asking for trouble.)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eStep (and microstep) size\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStepper motors typically have a step size specification (e.g. 1.8° or 200 steps per revolution), which applies to full steps. A microstepping driver such as the A4988 allows higher resolutions by allowing intermediate step locations, which are achieved by energizing the coils with intermediate current levels. For instance, driving a motor in quarter-step mode will give the 200-step-per-revolution motor 800 microsteps per revolution by using four different current levels.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe resolution (step size) selector inputs (MS1, MS2, and MS3) enable selection from the five step resolutions according to the table below. MS1 and MS3 have internal 100kΩ pull-down resistors and MS2 has an internal 50kΩ pull-down resistor, so leaving these three microstep selection pins disconnected results in full-step mode. For the microstep modes to function correctly, the current limit must be set low enough (see below) so that current limiting gets engaged. Otherwise, the intermediate current levels will not be correctly maintained, and the motor will skip microsteps.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMS1\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMS2\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMS3\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMicrostep Resolution\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLow\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLow\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLow\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFull step\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHigh\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLow\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLow\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHalf step\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLow\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHigh\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLow\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eQuarter step\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHigh\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHigh\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLow\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEighth step\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHigh\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHigh\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHigh\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSixteenth step\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eControl inputs\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEach pulse to the STEP input corresponds to one microstep of the stepper motor in the direction selected by the DIR pin. Note that the STEP and DIR pins are not pulled to any particular voltage internally, so you should not leave either of these pins floating in your application. If you just want rotation in a single direction, you can tie DIR directly to VCC or GND. The chip has three different inputs for controlling its many power states: RST, SLP, and EN. For details about these power states, see the datasheet. Please note that the RST pin is floating; if you are not using the pin, you can connect it to the adjacent SLP pin on the PCB to bring it high and enable the board.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCurrent limiting\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo achieve high step rates, the motor supply is typically much higher than would be permissible without active current limiting. For instance, a typical stepper motor might have a maximum current rating of 1 A with a 5Ω coil resistance, which would indicate a maximum motor supply of 5 V. Using such a motor with 12 V would allow higher step rates, but the current must actively be limited to under 1 A to prevent damage to the motor.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe A4988 supports such active current limiting, and the trimmer potentiometer on the board can be used to set the current limit. One way to set the current limit is to put the driver into full-step mode and to measure the current running through a single motor coil without clocking the STEP input. The measured current will be 0.7 times the current limit (since both coils are always on and limited to 70% of the current limit setting in full-step mode). Please note that changing the logic voltage, Vdd, to a different value will change the current limit setting since the voltage on the “ref” pin is a function of Vdd.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAnother way to set the current limit is to measure the voltage on the “ref” pin and to calculate the resulting current limit (the current sense resistors are 0.05Ω). The ref pin voltage is accessible on a via that is circled on the bottom silkscreen of the circuit board. The current limit relates to the reference voltage as follows:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCurrent Limit = VREF × 2.5\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSo, for example, if the reference voltage is 0.3 V, the current limit is 0.75 A. As mentioned above, in full step mode, the current through the coils is limited to 70% of the current limit, so to get a full-step coil current of 1.2 A, the current limit should be 1.2 A\/0.7=1.7 A, which corresponds to a VREF of 1.7 A\/2.5=0.68 V. See the A4988 datasheet for more information.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNote:\u003c\/strong\u003e The coil current can be very different from the power supply current, so you should \u003cins\u003enot\u003c\/ins\u003e use the current measured at the power supply to set the current limit. The appropriate place to put your current meter is in series with one of your stepper motor coils.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003ePower dissipation considerations\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe A4988 driver IC has a maximum current rating of 2 A per coil, but the actual current you can deliver depends on how well you can keep the IC cool. The carrier’s printed circuit board is designed to draw heat out of the IC, but to supply more than approximately 1.2 A per coil, a heat sink or other cooling method is required (in our tests, we were able to deliver approximately 1.4 A per coil with air flow from a PC fan and no heat sink).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis product can get \u003cstrong\u003ehot\u003c\/strong\u003e enough to burn you long before the chip overheats. Take care when handling this product and other components connected to it.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cins\u003ePlease note that measuring the current draw at the power supply will generally not provide an accurate measure of the coil current.\u003c\/ins\u003e Since the input voltage to the driver can be significantly higher than the coil voltage, the measured current on the power supply can be quite a bit lower than the coil current (the driver and coil basically act like a switching step-down power supply). Also, if the supply voltage is very high compared to what the motor needs to achieve the set current, the duty cycle will be very low, which also leads to significant differences between average and RMS currents.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":385708716,"sku":"POL-2128","price":13.75,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/2548.jpg?v=1382714951"},{"product_id":"force-sensing-resistor-0-5-circle","title":"Force-Sensing Resistor: 0.6″-Diameter Circle","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis force-sensing resistor (FSR) from Interlink Electronics is a passive component that exhibits a decrease in resistance when there is an increase in the force applied to the 0.58″-diameter (1.5 cm) active area, allowing you to create a sensor that is able to detect force or pressure. With a force sensitivity range of a few grams to a few kilograms, this sensor is optimized for use in human touch control applications\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis force-sensing resistor (FSR) from Interlink Electronics is a passive component that acts as a variable resistor, with resistance decreasing in response to increasing applied force, which makes it easy to add a touch interface to your project or create a robot with much more sophisticated tactile senses than are possible with simple\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003elever switches. The polymer thick film (PTF) device is optimized for use in human touch control of electronic devices and can sense an applied force anywhere in the active area ranging from a few dozen grams to a few kilograms (0.2 N to 20 N).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn tests, the resistance exceeded 1 MΩ with no applied pressure and ranged from around 100 kΩ to a few hundred Ohms as finger pressure varied from light (a few dozen grams) to heavy (pressing as hard as possible). The resistance is very stable when the pressure is fixed, and the readings are very repeatable (there are no problems with hysteresis). This resistance range is well suited to work directly with the internal pull-ups of many microcontrollers such as AVRs and PICs. The FSR was responsive enough and sensitive enough to distinctly pick up light, rapid finger taps, and it was even able to pick up the vibrations of a small vibration motor placed on it on the motor’s side.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe 0.72″-diameter circular pad is flexible, light (0.25 g), and extremely thin (0.02″), and it has a circular active sensing area with a diameter of 0.58″. It does not appreciably compress when pressure is applied. The FSR has a masked adhesive backing for easy mounting, and the 1.7″ flexible male leads give you a convenient way to integrate the part into your project. The two male pins (called “solder tabs”) have a 0.1″ spacing, which means they are compatible with most \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/search?type=product\u0026amp;q=breadboard\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003esolderless breadboards\u003c\/a\u003e and perfboards, though the solder tabs are too short to work well with many\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e0.1″ connectors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote that this FSR is not a load cell or strain gauge, and it is not suitable for precision force measurements. While it can be used for high-resolution dynamic measurement, only qualitative results are generally attainable. Force accuracy ranges from 5% to 25% depending on a number of factors, and the resolution is better than 0.5% of the full range. Please see the resources tab for more information, including force-vs-resistance curves, integration notes, usage tips, and suggested electrical circuits.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExample applications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePressure-sensitive touch user interface\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTactile sensor for robotic appendages\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFinger pads for special gloves\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTarget contact detection\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/files\/FSR400-Series-Integration-Guide-13.pdf?11520758216427259921\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eFSR 400 series integration guide\u003c\/a\u003e (1MB pdf) - Detailed information about Interlink Electronic’s FSR 400 series of force-sensing resistors, including theory of operation, performance data, circuit diagrams, and usage tips.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/files\/FSR400Series-PD-13.pdf?11520758216427259921\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eFSR 400 series data sheet\u003c\/a\u003e (2MB pdf)\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":385715030,"sku":"POL-1696","price":7.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/0J2691.1200_348d354d-4e60-467d-ad0a-bce474fe3a58.jpg?v=1604610085"},{"product_id":"pololu-wheel-42x19mm-pair","title":"Pololu Wheel 42x19mm Pair","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis custom-designed white plastic wheel is designed to fit the output shafts on our \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/shop.pimoroni.com\/products\/micro-metal-gearmotor-mp\"\u003emicro metal gearmotors\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"line-height: 1.2;\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.2;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.2;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRubber tire measuring 1.65\" (42 mm) in diameter\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.2;\"\u003eTeeth on the hub optionally allow a reflectance sensor to be used for encoder feedback.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.2;\"\u003eThese wheels are sold in \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong style=\"line-height: 1.2;\"\u003epairs\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.2;\"\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 16px;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGearmotors should be mounted onto the side of the hub with the protruding teeth, as shown in the images. The output shaft will slide into the socket easily at first but will achieve a snug fit when pressed through to the other edge of the hub\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"42x19mm","offer_id":390394722,"sku":"POL-1090","price":7.25,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/1090_SINGLE_9d123dbf-5c31-4247-a6c2-92f2eed50a5c.jpg?v=1383300504"},{"product_id":"pololu-wheel-90x10mm-pair","title":"Pololu Wheel 90x10mm Pair","description":"\u003cp\u003eThese plastic wheels have silicone tires, measure 90 mm (3.54″) in diameter, and they press-fit onto the 3mm D shafts on our \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/products\/micro-metal-gearmotor-extended-back-shaft\" target=\"_blank\"\u003emicro metal gearmotors.\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, this wheel is compatible with several of our \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/products\/pololu-universal-aluminum-mounting-hub-for-5mm-shaft-m3-holes-2-pack\" target=\"_blank\"\u003euniversal mounting hubs\u003c\/a\u003e, which can serve as adapters for motors with different shafts. This product is a pair of wheels.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese wheels are great for robotics, custom RC vehicles, or any other project you need to get rolling. They measure 90 mm (3.54″) in diameter and are designed to press-fit securely onto D output shafts with a diameter of 3 mm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSix mounting holes for #4 or M3 screws make it possible to use the wheel with any of our universal mounting hubs for those screw sizes, enabling these wheels to be used with our larger metal gearmotors and stepper motors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe slots in the six spokes fit #2 or M2 screws and allow additional accessories to be mounted to the wheel such as decorations or parts of an encoder system. The included silicone tires feature horizontal treads for improved traction.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eUseful resources\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/files\/pololu-wheel-dimensions.pdf?v=1621955567\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eDimensional diagram for Pololu wheels\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/files\/pololu-wheel-90x10mm.zip?v=1621955657\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003e3D model\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"Black","offer_id":390408448,"sku":"POL-1435","price":6.25,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"Red","offer_id":39351841718355,"sku":"POL-1436","price":6.25,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"Blue","offer_id":39351842832467,"sku":"POL-1438","price":6.25,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"White","offer_id":39351843815507,"sku":"POL-1439","price":6.25,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/1435_motor.jpg?v=1619693907"},{"product_id":"pololu-wheel-32x7mm-pair","title":"Pololu Wheel 32x7mm Pair","description":"\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.2;\"\u003eThis custom designed plastic wheel is designed to fit the output shafts on our \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/shop.pimoroni.com\/products\/micro-metal-gearmotor-mp\"\u003emicro metal gearmotors.\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"line-height: 1.2;\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.2;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.2;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSilicone tires measuring \u003cstrong\u003e32\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e mm (1.26\")\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e in diameter\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.2;\"\u003eThese wheels are sold in \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong style=\"line-height: 1.2;\"\u003epairs\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.2;\"\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.2;\"\u003eAvailable in a two colours\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"Black","offer_id":390419700,"sku":"POL-1087","price":3.25,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"White","offer_id":390419710,"sku":"POL-1088","price":3.25,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/1087_colour.jpg?v=1383304508"},{"product_id":"pololu-ball-caster-with-3-4-metal-ball","title":"Pololu Ball Caster","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis ball caster kit includes a black ABS housing, a metal ball (chose the correct size above), two spacers (1\/16\" and 1\/8\" thick), and two #2 screw sets.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe total height of the ball caster, 0.83\", 0.53\", or 0.4\", can be increased to about 1\", 0.7\", or 0.6\" respectively using the included spacers. The two included #2 screws can be used to mount the ball caster to your chassis\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote that our ball casters are designed for small robots; they are not intended to bear more than a few pounds. With more weight than this, friction between the ball and the housing will probably keep it from rolling well.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDimensional Drawing\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/files\/pololu-ball-caster-with-0-750in-metal-ball.pdf?v=1621950785\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003e3\/4 inch\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/files\/pololu-ball-caster-with-0-500in-ball.pdf?v=1621950785\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003e1\/2 inch\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/files\/pololu-ball-caster-with-0-375in-ball.pdf?v=1621950785\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003e3\/8 inch\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"3\/4 inch","offer_id":390424422,"sku":"POL-955","price":3.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"1\/2 inch","offer_id":415237741,"sku":"POL-953","price":2.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"3\/8 inch","offer_id":39351780573267,"sku":"POL-951","price":2.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/0J9808.1200.jpg?v=1621950871"},{"product_id":"pololu-micro-metal-gearmotor-bracket-pair-black","title":"Micro Metal Gearmotor Bracket Pair","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThis compact bracket enables convenient mounting of popular, \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/shop.pimoroni.com\/products\/micro-metal-gearmotor-mp\"\u003eSanyo-style miniature metal gearmotors\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eplastic bracket encloses the otherwise exposed gears, and the mounting tabs capture the nuts for easy installation.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe brackets are sold in \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003epairs\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e, and each bracket comes with two \u003c\/span\u003e#2 screws\u003cspan\u003e and two \u003c\/span\u003enuts\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"White","offer_id":471886829,"sku":"POL-1089","price":3.75,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/1089_in_place.jpg?v=1619704972"},{"product_id":"zumo-chassis-kit-no-motors","title":"Zumo Chassis Kit","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe Pololu Zumo chassis is a small, tracked robot platform that is less than 10 cm on each side, allowing it to qualify for Mini Sumo competitions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe chassis is composed of black ABS and features a compartment for four AA batteries and sockets for two micro metal gearmotors. It ships as a kit with two silicone tracks, two drive and two idler sprockets, a 1\/16″ acrylic mounting plate, and mounting hardware. \u003cstrong\u003e(Motors and batteries are not included.)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Zumo chassis kit contains the components necessary to build a small, high-performance tracked robot platform that is compact enough to qualify for Mini Sumo competitions. The chassis is made from black ABS plastic and has sockets for two micro metal gearmotors and a compartment for four AA batteries (motors and batteries are not included). The battery compartment terminals protrude through the chassis and can be accessed from the top side. A black acrylic plate is included with the chassis. This plate holds the motors in place and can be used for mounting your electronics, such as your microcontroller, motor drivers, and sensors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe drive system consists of two black silicone tracks, one on each side, that are each supported by a freely spinning idler sprocket and a motor-driven drive sprocket.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/docs\/0J54\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eAssembly instructions are available here.\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eMotors (not included)\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Zumo chassis uses \u003cstrong\u003etwo\u003c\/strong\u003e motors, one for each tread. The ideal motors for your robot depend on your desired torque, speed, and current draw, so \u003cstrong\u003emotors are not included\u003c\/strong\u003e with the chassis. Pololu generally recommend using high-power (HP or HPCB, which have long-life carbon brushes) versions of the micro metal gearmotors since the tracks require a decent amount of torque to move effectively; higher gear ratios of the non-HP motors might work if you want lower current draw, but they will be slower and offer less control. Specifically, they primarily recommend the 50:1, 75:1, or 100:1 HP or HPCB motors for use with this chassis. The following table summarizes the key specifications of these three gearmotors. The first four columns are specifications of the motors themselves, while the last column is the measured top speed of a Zumo chassis loaded to a weight of 500 g and driven with these motors. Note that the specifications are for 6V operation, which is approximately the voltage you would get with four alkaline batteries; four NiMH AA cells will typically provide less than 5V.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMicro Metal Gearmotor\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eFree-Run Speed @ 6V\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eStall Torque @ 6V\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eStall Current @ 6V\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eTop Zumo Speed @ 6V and 500g\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e100:1 HP or \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/products\/pololu-micro-metal-gearmotor-6v?variant=31617535017043\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003e100:1 HPCB\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e320 RPM\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e30 oz·in\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1600 mA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e20 in\/s (50 cm\/s)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/products\/pololu-micro-metal-gearmotor-6v?variant=31617535180883\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003e75:1 HP\u003c\/a\u003e or \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/products\/pololu-micro-metal-gearmotor-6v?variant=31617535049811\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003e75:1 HPCB\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e400 RPM\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e22 oz·in\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1600 mA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e25 in\/s (65 cm\/s)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/products\/pololu-micro-metal-gearmotor-6v?variant=31617535213651\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003e50:1 HP\u003c\/a\u003e or \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/products\/pololu-micro-metal-gearmotor-6v?variant=31617535082579\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003e50:1 HPCB\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e625 RPM\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e15 oz·in\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1600 mA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e40 in\/s (100 cm\/s)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBatteries (not included)\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis chassis works with four AA batteries. Pololu recommend using rechargeable AA NiMH cells, which results in a nominal voltage of 4.8 V (1.2 V per cell). When the batteries are fully charged, they will be well above 5 V, and when they are almost spent, they will be well below 5 V. As such, you might consider using a step-up\/step-down voltage regulator to power your logic, since this will hold your logic voltage steady at 5 V, no matter if your battery voltage is above or below 5 V. You can also use alkaline cells, which would nominally give you 6V, but that voltage would drop depending on the load.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBasic sumo blade (not included)\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe carry a basic \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/products\/basic-sumo-blade-for-zumo-chassis\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estainless steel sumo blade\u003c\/a\u003e that can be mounted to front of the Zumo chassis. With this blade, the Zumo chassis can push around objects, such as other MiniSumo robots. You can also use the design file for this basic blade as the starting point for a custom sumo blade.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDimensions\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFully assembled, the Zumo chassis is 98 mm wide, 86 mm long, and 39 mm high, with approximately 5 mm of ground clearance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSince each side is smaller than 10 cm, this chassis meets Mini-Sumo size requirements. The front screws used to mount the acrylic plate to the chassis can also be used to mount a front scoop that can extend up to 14 mm before exceeding the Mini Sumo limits. The assembled Zumo chassis weighs approximately 210 g with motors and batteries.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":418704265,"sku":"POL-1418","price":15.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/0J6603.1200.jpg?v=1628855564"},{"product_id":"qtr-1rc-reflectance-sensor-2-pack","title":"QTR-1RC Reflectance Sensor (2-Pack)","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe QTR-1RC reflectance sensor carries a single infrared LED and phototransistor pair in an inexpensive, tiny 0.5\" x 0.3\" module that can be mounted almost anywhere and is great for edge detection and line following. \u003cstrong\u003eThe output is designed to be measured by a digital I\/O line.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis sensor is sold in packs of \u003cstrong\u003etwo\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e units.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNote:\u003c\/strong\u003e The QTR-1RC reflectance sensor requires a digital I\/O line to take readings. The similar \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/products\/qtr-1a-reflectance-sensor-2-pack\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eQTR-1A reflectance sensor\u003c\/a\u003e is available with an analog output.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Pololu QTR-1RC reflectance sensor carries a single infrared (IR) LED and phototransistor pair. To use the sensor, you must first charge the output node by applying a voltage to the OUT pin. You can then read the reflectance by withdrawing the externally supplied voltage and timing how long it takes the output voltage to decay due to the integrated phototransistor. Shorter decay time is an indication of greater reflection. This measurement approach has several advantages, especially when multiple units are used:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNo analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is required\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImproved sensitivity over voltage-divider analog output\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eParallel reading of multiple sensors is possible with most microcontrollers\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe LED current-limiting resistor is set to deliver approximately 17 mA to the LED when VIN is 5 V. The current requirement can be met by some microcontroller I\/O lines, allowing the sensor to be powered up and down through an I\/O line to conserve power.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis sensor was designed to be used with the board parallel to the surface being sensed. Because of its small size, multiple units can easily be arranged to fit various applications such as line sensing and proximity\/edge detection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDimensions: 0.3\" x 0.5\" x 0.1\" (without optional header pins installed)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOperating voltage: 5.0 V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSupply current: 17 mA\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutput format: digital I\/O-compatible signal that can be read as a timed high pulse\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOptimal sensing distance: 0.125\" (3 mm)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaximum recommended sensing distance: 0.375\" (9.5 mm)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWeight without header pins: 0.008 oz (0.2 g)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInterfacing the QTR-1RC output to a digital I\/O line\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLike the Parallax QTI, this sensor requires a digital I\/O line capable of driving the output line high and then measuring the time for the output voltage to decay. The typical sequence for reading a sensor is:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSet the I\/O line to an output and drive it high.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAllow at least 10 μs for the sensor output to rise.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMake the I\/O line an input (high impedance).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMeasure the time for the voltage to decay by waiting for the I\/O line to go low.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese steps can typically be executed in parallel on multiple I\/O lines.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWith a strong reflectance, the decay time can be as low as several dozen microseconds; with no reflectance, the decay time can be up to a few milliseconds. The exact time of the decay depends on your microcontroller’s I\/O line characteristics. Meaningful results can be available within 1 ms in typical cases (i.e. when not trying to measure subtle differences in low-reflectance scenarios), allowing up to 1 kHz sampling.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor more resources check out the \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/docs\/0J20\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePololu AVR library\u003c\/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/docs\/0J19\"\u003eArduino library\u003c\/a\u003e for these sensors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIncluded components\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis module has a single mounting hole intended for a #2 screw (not included); if this mounting hole is not needed, this portion of the PCB can be ground off to make the unit even smaller. Each pack of two reflectance sensors includes sets of straight male header strips and right-angle male header strips, which allow you to mount them in the orientation of your choice (note: the header pins might ship as 1×6 strips that you can break into two 1×3 pieces). You can also solder wires, such as ribbon cable, directly to the pads for the most compact installation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHow it works in detail\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWith only four components (or five, if you count the coupled IR LED and phototransistor separately), the operation of this sensor is relatively basic. The emitter side is just an IR LED with an appropriate current-limiting resistor. The light from the emitter leaves the sensor, reflects off a nearby surface, and returns to the detector.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe detector side is a resistor-capacitor (RC) circuit, where the resistance comes from the phototransistor and is a measure of the incident infrared light, and the decay time is proportional to the resistance. The first step of the sensor-reading process—driving the sensor output high—discharges the integrated 10 nF capacitor and puts both sides at the same voltage (VIN). Alternatively, you can think of this as “charging the output node”, and it is functionally equivalent to charging a capacitor with one side connected to ground. Once you are no longer supplying an external voltage to the output pin, the capacitor can slowly charge through the phototransistor, with the rate of charging being a function of the phototransistor’s resistance (which is in turn a function of the incident IR). As the capacitor charges, the voltage on the output side drops, eventually reaching zero when the capacitor is fully charged. Alternatively, you can think of this as “discharging the output node”, and it is functionally equivalent to discharging a capacitor with one side connected to ground.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe 220 Ω resistor on the OUT line serves to limit the current flow, making it possible for a microcontroller output to safely charge the output node prior to each reading. It has very little effect on the sensor output.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":32140162762,"sku":"POL-2459","price":4.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/0J4716.1200.jpg?v=1476282492"},{"product_id":"qtr-1a-reflectance-sensor-2-pack","title":"QTR-1A Reflectance Sensor (2-Pack)","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe QTR-1A reflectance sensor carries a single infrared LED and phototransistor pair in an inexpensive, tiny 0.5\" x 0.3\" module that can be mounted almost anywhere and is great for edge detection and line following. \u003cstrong\u003eThe reflectance measurement is output as an analog voltage.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis sensor is sold in packs of \u003cstrong\u003etwo\u003c\/strong\u003e units.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNote:\u003c\/strong\u003e The QTR-1A reflectance sensor requires an analog input to take readings. The similar \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/products\/qtr-1rc-reflectance-sensor-2-pack\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eQTR-1RC reflectance sensor\u003c\/a\u003e is available with a digital I\/O-compatible output.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Pololu QTR-1A reflectance sensor carries a single infrared LED and phototransistor pair. The phototransistor is connected to a pull-up resistor to form a voltage divider that produces an analog voltage output between 0 V and VIN (which is typically 5 V) as a function of the reflected IR. Lower output voltage is an indication of greater reflection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe LED current-limiting resistor is set to deliver approximately 17 mA to the LED when VIN is 5 V. The current requirement can be met by some microcontroller I\/O lines, allowing the sensor to be powered up and down through an I\/O line to conserve power.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis sensor was designed to be used with the board parallel to the surface being sensed. Because of its small size, multiple units can easily be arranged to fit various applications such as line sensing and proximity\/edge detection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDimensions: 0.3\" x 0.5\" x 0.1\" (without optional header pins installed)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOperating voltage: 5.0 V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSupply current: 17 mA\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutput format: analog voltage\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutput voltage range: 0  to supplied voltage\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOptimal sensing distance: 0.125\" (3 mm)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaximum recommended sensing distance: 0.25\" (6 mm)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWeight without header pins: 0.008 oz (0.2 g)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInterfacing with the QTR-1A Output\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere are several ways you can interface with the QTR-1A output:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse a microcontroller’s analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to measure the voltage.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse a comparator with an adjustable threshold to convert the analog voltage into a digital (i.e. black\/white) signal that can be read by the digital I\/O line of a microcontroller.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConnect the output directly to the digital I\/O line of a microcontroller and rely upon its internal comparator.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis last method will work if you are able to get high reflectance from your white surface as depicted in the left image, but will probably fail if you have a lower-reflectance signal profile like the one on the right\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/files\/0J638.1200_medium.png?v=1476282898\" style=\"float: none;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/files\/0J640.1200_medium.png?v=1476282952\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor more resources check out the \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/docs\/0J20\"\u003ePololu AVR library\u003c\/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/docs\/0J19\"\u003eArduino library\u003c\/a\u003e for these sensors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIncluded Components\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis module has a single mounting hole intended for a #2 screw (not included); if this mounting hole is not needed, this portion of the PCB can be ground off to make the unit even smaller. Each pack of two reflectance sensors includes sets of straight male header strips and right-angle male header strips, which allow you to mount them in the orientation of your choice (note: the header pins might ship as 1×6 strips that you can break into two 1×3 pieces). You can also solder wires, such as ribbon cable, directly to the pads for the most compact installation.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":32140869258,"sku":"POL-2458","price":4.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/0J4714.1200.jpg?v=1476283100"},{"product_id":"basic-sumo-blade-for-zumo-chassis","title":"Basic Sumo Blade for Zumo Chassis","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis 0.036″-thick stainless steel plate can be mounted to the front of the \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/products\/zumo-chassis-kit-no-motors\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eZumo chassis\u003c\/a\u003e to create a slanted, bulldozer-like blade for pushing around objects, such as other mini-sumo robots.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis basic sumo blade (sometimes also called a “scoop”) is intended for use with the \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/products\/zumo-chassis-kit-no-motors\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eZumo chassis\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt is made of 0.036″-thick, laser-cut stainless steel, and it ships flat as shown in the product picture. The two tabs must be bent to an angle of approximately 70° before it can be mounted to the front of the Zumo chassis. We recommend using a pair of long-nose pliers to bend the tabs:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/files\/0J3953.1200_large.jpg?v=1476283364\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWarning: Do not try to bend the tabs after mounting the blade to the Zumo chassis as this could crack the chassis’ acrylic mounting plate or the mounting tabs themselves.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe chassis mounts to the two protruding front mounting holes of the Zumo chassis using the #2-56 screws included with the chassis kit.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":32141229706,"sku":"POL-1410","price":2.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/0J3954.1200.jpg?v=1628854817"},{"product_id":"pololu-track-set-1","title":"Pololu Track Set","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis set contains components for adding a tracked drive system to a small robot or vehicle.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis track set includes a pair of silicone tracks, two coloured drive sprockets measuring 35 mm (1.4″) in diameter, and two matching idler sprockets along with mounting hardware.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo work properly with the track, the drive and idler sprockets should be set up approximately \u003cstrong\u003e48 mm (1.9″) apart for the 22T and 85 mm (3.35″) apart for the 30T\u003c\/strong\u003e. The drive sprockets are designed to work with 3mm D-shafts, such as those on our \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/products\/micro-metal-gearmotor-extended-back-shaft\" target=\"_blank\"\u003emicro metal gearmotors\u003c\/a\u003e. These are the same tracks and sprockets used on the \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/products\/zumo-chassis-kit-no-motors\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eZumo chassis\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKit consists of:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTwo silicone tracks\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTwo ABS drive sprockets\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTwo ABS idler sprockets\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTwo M3 shoulder bolts with a 5mm threaded portion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTwo M3 shoulder bolts with a 12mm threaded portion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTwo washers and M3 nuts\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe flexible one-piece silicone tracks are available in two lengths, with either 22 teeth or 30 teeth that are designed to mesh with the drive and idler sprockets. The 22T set, with an overall length under 90 mm, is short enough to be used as the drive system for a mini-sumo robot (for example, the \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/products\/zumo-chassis-kit-no-motors\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eZumo chassis\u003c\/a\u003e).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe drive sprockets are designed to press-fit securely on the output shafts of our \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/products\/micro-metal-gearmotor-extended-back-shaft\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003emicro metal gearmotors\u003c\/a\u003e. On the Zumo robots, these gearmotors are intended to be mounted \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/files\/0J6692.1200.png?14134903788622126424\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ewith the raised lip on one side of the drive sprocket facing away from the motor\u003c\/a\u003e, but if you are not using a Zumo chassis, you can insert the drive sprockets onto the 3mm D-shafts in either orientation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough the drive sprockets are similar to the hubs used in the \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/products\/pololu-wheel-42x19mm-pair\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003ePololu 42×19mm wheels\u003c\/a\u003e, they are not as wide, so they do not physically support the whole tire.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA pair of idler sprockets is also included in the set; these are very similar to the drive sprockets, with the main difference being that they are designed to spin freely instead of attaching to a motor shaft. They can be mounted with the provided shoulder bolts as shown in the diagram below. (The blue component labeled “ROBOT CHASSIS” represents a bracket or piece of a robot chassis that the sprocket is being mounted to, and is not a part included in the set.)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/files\/0J7941.1200_large.png?v=1509378124\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIncluded are two pairs of shoulder bolts, one with a 5mm threaded portion and one a 12mm threaded portion, so you can pick the pair that is appropriate for your application. You will only use two of the four included shoulder bolts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA dimension diagram containing the sprockets, tracks, and bolts is available \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/files\/pololu-track-set-dimensions.pdf?14134903788622126424\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehere\u003c\/a\u003e (618k pdf). Several key dimensions are highlighted below:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSprocket diameter: 35 mm (1.38″)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDiameter with track: approx. 39 mm (1.54″)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTrack width: 14.6 mm (0.57″)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe threaded portion of the shoulder bolts can be cut to the desired length.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe ideal spacing between the centers of the two sprockets is about 48 mm for the 22T tracks and 85 mm for the 30T tracks. Because the tracks are elastic, they will maintain tension even if you do not precisely match this distance. However, if the spacing is too short, they will be loose and more likely to slip off; if the spacing is too long, additional strain will be placed on the sprocket shafts, and the motor might not be able to turn as well.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/files\/0J7923.1200_large.jpg?v=1509378238\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese track sets are similar to the original 22T and 30T track sets, except they replace the old sprockets with newer, spoked versions. This spoked design removes material from several areas near the central hub of the sprocket, which has the advantage of allowing the drive sprocket to be more easily removed from the D-shaft of the motor while still remaining firmly fixed after being press-fit into place.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"22T - Black","offer_id":933150982154,"sku":"POL-3030","price":10.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"22T - Red","offer_id":39351805378643,"sku":"POL-3031","price":10.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"22T - White","offer_id":39351807705171,"sku":"POL-3032","price":10.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"30T - Black","offer_id":933151014922,"sku":"POL-3033","price":12.25,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"30T - Red","offer_id":39351808852051,"sku":"POL-3034","price":12.25,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"30T - White","offer_id":39351809212499,"sku":"POL-3035","price":12.25,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/0J7930.1200.jpg?v=1621952675"},{"product_id":"pololu-dual-g2-high-power-motor-driver-for-raspberry-pi","title":"Pololu Dual G2 High-Power Motor Driver for Raspberry Pi","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis add-on board makes it easy to control two high-power DC motors with a Raspberry Pi.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIts twin discrete MOSFET H-bridges support a wide operating voltage range and are efficient enough to deliver a continuous current without a heat sink. The drivers offer basic current limiting functionality, and they accept ultrasonic PWM frequencies for quieter operation. The default pin mappings make it easy to get started, but they can be customized for more specialized applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese G2 dual high-power motor drivers are add-on boards for the Raspberry Pi, featuring pairs of discrete MOSFET H-bridges designed to drive two large brushed DC motors. They are designed to mount on and plug into compatible Raspberry Pi boards (Model B+ or newer), including the \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/products\/raspberry-pi-3\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePi 3 Model B\u003c\/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/products\/raspberry-pi-model-a-with-coupe-royale-pibow\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eModel A+\u003c\/a\u003e. Three versions are available so you can pick the one with the appropriate operating voltage range and output current capabilities for your project:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"table\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003e\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eDual G2 High-Power Motor Driver 18v22 for Raspberry Pi\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eDual G2 High-Power Motor Driver 18v18 for Raspberry Pi\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eDual G2 High-Power Motor Driver 24v14 for Raspberry Pi\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAbsolute max input voltage:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e30 V\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e30 V\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e36 V*\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMax nominal battery voltage:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e18 V\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e18 V\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e28 V\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMax continuous current per channel:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e22 A\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e18 A\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e14 A\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDefault active current-limiting threshold:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e60 A\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e50 A\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e40 A\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e* 40 V if regulator is disconnected\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe minimum operating voltage for all four versions is 6.5 V, while the maximum operating voltages are given in the above table. The board also includes an integrated 5 V, 2.5 A switching step-down regulator that can be used to power the Raspberry Pi it is plugged into, enabling operation from a single power supply.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe driver’s default configuration uses six GPIO pins to control the motor drivers, making use of the Raspberry Pi’s hardware PWM outputs, and it uses two additional pins to read status outputs from the drivers. However, the pin mappings can be customized if the defaults are not convenient, and pins for current sensing and limiting are accessible on the board for more advanced applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote that this motor driver add-on is designed specifically for newer versions of the Raspberry Pi with 40-pin GPIO headers, including the \u003cstrong\u003eModel B+\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eModel A+\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eRaspberry Pi 2 Model B\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eRaspberry Pi 3 Model B\u003c\/strong\u003e. The board matches the Raspberry Pi HAT (Hardware Attached on Top) mechanical specification, although it does not conform to the full HAT specifications due to the lack of an ID EEPROM. (A footprint for adding your own EEPROM is available for applications where one would be useful; pull-ups on SDA, SCL, and WP are provided.) It is \u003cem\u003enot\u003c\/em\u003e practical to use this expansion board with the original Raspberry Pi Model A or Model B due to differences in their pinout and form factor.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFeatures common to all versions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePWM operation up to 100 kHz\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMotor indicator LEDs show what the outputs are doing even when no motor is connected\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrated 5 V, 2.5 A switching step-down voltage regulator powers the Raspberry Pi base for single-supply operation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/pololu\/dual-g2-high-power-motor-driver-rpi\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePython library\u003c\/a\u003e makes it easy to get started using this board as a motor driver expansion board\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGPIO pin mappings can be customized if the default mappings are not convenient\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCurrent sensing and limiting pins are exposed for advanced use\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReverse-voltage protection\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUndervoltage shutdown\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eShort circuit protection\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe following through-hole connectors and mounting hardware are included with the board, which ships with its surface-mount components populated:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eone 2×20-pin 0.1″ female header\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ethree 2-pin 5 mm terminal blocks\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003efour M2.5 standoffs (11 mm length), screws, and nuts\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe 2×20-pin 0.1″ female header should be mounted to the bottom of the board (the side opposite the surface-mount components). Once soldered, this header is used to connect the board to the Raspberry Pi’s 40-pin GPIO header. Alternatively, if you want to continue to have access to the Raspberry Pi’s 40 GPIO pins while the motor driver board is plugged in, you can install a stackable 2×20-pin female header (not included) instead.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYou can solder the terminal blocks to the six large through-holes to make your motor and motor power connections, or you can solder a 0.1″ male header strip (not included) into the smaller through-holes that border these larger holes. Note, however, that the terminal blocks are only rated for 16 A, and each header pin pair is only rated for a combined 6 A, so for higher-power applications, thick wires should be soldered directly to the board.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe motor driver includes six 100 μF or 150 μF electrolytic power capacitors, and there is room to add additional capacitors (e.g. to compensate for long power wires or increase stability of the power supply). Additional power capacitors are usually not necessary, and no additional capacitors are included with this motor driver.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eUsing the motor driver board\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePower\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAn appropriate motor power supply should be connected to the motor driver’s large VIN and GND pads. The board includes a reverse-voltage protection circuit that helps prevent damage in case the motor power supply is connected backward. The reverse-protected input voltage can be accessed for use in other circuits through the two pins labeled VM on the left side of the board.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/files\/0J8169.1200_medium.jpg?v=1510930079\" style=\"float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBy default, the motor power supply also feeds a 5 V, 2.5 A switching step-down regulator that provides power to the connected Raspberry Pi. An ideal diode circuit makes it safe to have a different power supply connected to the Raspberry Pi through its USB Micro-B receptacle while the motor driver is connected and powered.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf you want to power the Raspberry Pi separately, the regulator can be disconnected by cutting two exposed traces on the board: one between the surface-mount pads labeled “VM” and “REG IN”, and another between the two pins by the “REG OUT” label, as shown to the right. On the 24v14 and 24v18 versions, disconnecting the regulator increases the absolute maximum operating voltage of the board to 40 V.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDefault pin mappings\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis table shows how the Raspberry Pi’s GPIO pins are used to interface with the motor drivers:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"table\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eRPi\u003cbr\u003eGPIO pin\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMotor driver pin\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eDescription\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMotor 1 FLT\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003eFault indicator: When the driver channel is functioning normally, this pin should be pulled high by the Raspberry Pi. In the event of a driver fault, FLT is driven low. See below for details.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMotor 2 FLT\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e12\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMotor 1 PWM\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003eMotor speed input: A PWM (pulse-width modulation) signal on this pin corresponds to a PWM output on the corresponding channel’s motor outputs. When this pin is low, the motor brakes low. When it is high, the motor is on. The maximum allowed PWM frequency is 100 kHz.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMotor 2 PWM\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e22\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMotor 1 SLP\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003eInverted sleep input: This pin is pulled low by default, putting the motor driver channel into a low-current sleep mode and disabling the motor outputs (setting them to high impedance). SLPmust be driven high to enable the motor channel.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e23\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMotor 2 SLP\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMotor 1 DIR\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003eMotor direction input: When DIR is low, motor current flows from output A to output B; when DIR is high, current flows from B to A.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e25\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMotor 2 DIR\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMotor control options\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWith the PWM pin held low, both motor outputs will be held low (a brake operation). With PWM high, the motor outputs will be driven according to the DIR input. This allows two modes of operation: sign-magnitude, in which the PWM duty cycle controls the speed of the motor and DIR controls the direction, and locked-antiphase, in which a pulse-width-modulated signal is applied to the DIR pin with PWM held high.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn locked-antiphase operation, a low duty cycle drives the motor in one direction, and a high duty cycle drives the motor in the other direction; a 50% duty cycle turns the motor off. A successful locked-antiphase implementation depends on the motor inductance and switching frequency smoothing out the current (e.g. making the current zero in the 50% duty cycle case), so a high PWM frequency might be required.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"table\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"3\"\u003eInputs\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"2\"\u003eOutputs\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth rowspan=\"2\"\u003eOperation\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eSLP\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eDIR\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003ePWM\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMxA\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMxB\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePWM\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePWM (H\/L)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eL\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eforward\/brake at speed \u003cem\u003ePWM %\u003c\/em\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePWM\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eL\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePWM (H\/L)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ereverse\/brake at speed \u003cem\u003ePWM %\u003c\/em\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eX\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eL\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eL\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ebrake low (outputs shorted to ground)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eX\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eX\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eZ\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eZ\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ecoast (outputs off)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePWM frequency\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe motor driver supports PWM frequencies as high as 100 kHz, but note that switching losses in the driver will be proportional to the PWM frequency. Typically, around 20 kHz is a good choice for sign-magnitude operation since it is high enough to be ultrasonic, which results in quieter operation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA pulse on the PWM pin must be high for a minimum duration of approximately 0.5 µs before the outputs turn on for the corresponding duration (any shorter input pulse does not produce a change on the outputs), so low duty cycles become unavailable at high frequencies. For example, at 100 kHz, the pulse period is 10 µs, and the minimum non-zero duty cycle achievable is 0.5\/10, or 5%.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFault conditions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe motor driver can detect several fault states that it reports by driving the FLT pin low; this is an open-drain output that should be pulled up to your system’s logic voltage. The detectable faults include short circuits on the outputs, under-voltage, and over-temperature. All of the faults disable the motor outputs but are not latched, meaning the driver will attempt to resume operation when the fault condition is removed (or after a delay of a few milliseconds in the case of the short circuit fault). The over-temperature fault provides a weak indication of the board being too hot, but it does not directly indicate the temperature of the MOSFETs, which are usually the first components to overheat, so you should \u003cins\u003enot\u003c\/ins\u003e count on this fault to prevent damage from over-temperature conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRemapping pins\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll of the Raspberry Pi’s GPIO pins are broken out along a row of numbered through-holes just below the 40-pin GPIO connector. Each GPIO pin used by the board is connected from this row to the corresponding motor driver pin by a trace on the top side of the board spanning the pair of holes. If you want to remap one of these motor driver pins, you can cut its trace with a knife and then run a wire from the lower hole to a new GPIO pin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/files\/0J8170.600_large.jpg?v=1510930131\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote that the default pin mappings were chosen so that the Raspberry Pi’s default GPIO pull-ups and pull-downs match the direction the motor driver pins are or should be pulled (up for SF, down for others); if you remap the motor driver pins without paying attention to this, you might encounter issues with pins being pulled the wrong way. See the \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.raspberrypi.org\/help\/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eRaspberry Pi documentation\u003c\/a\u003e for more about the default GPIO states.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCurrent sensing and limiting\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe motor driver exposes current sensing and limiting pins that are not connected to the Raspberry Pi, but they are accessible through their own through-holes in case you want to use them in a more advanced application.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/files\/0J8171.1200_medium.jpg?v=1510930219\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe driver has the ability to limit the motor current through current chopping: once the motor drive current reaches a set threshold, the driver goes into brake mode (slow decay) for about 25 μs before applying power to drive the motor again. This makes it more practical to use the driver with a motor that might only draw a few amps while running but can draw many times that amount (tens of amps) when starting.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor each motor channel, you can lower the limit by connecting an additional resistor between the VREF pin and the adjacent GND pin; the graph shows how the current limit relates to the VREF resistor value. Note that the current limiting threshold is not highly precise, and is less accurate at especially low settings (indicated by the dashed portion of the curve).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe driver’s current sense pins, labeled CS, output voltages proportional to the motor currents while the H-bridges are driving. The output voltage for this version is about 20 mV\/A plus a small offset, which is typically about 50 mV.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEach CS output is \u003cins\u003eonly active while the corresponding H-bridge is in drive mode\u003c\/ins\u003e; it is inactive (low) when the channel is in brake mode (slow decay), which happens when the PWM input is low or when current limiting is active. Current will continue to circulate through the motor when the driver begins braking, but the voltage on the CS pin will not accurately reflect the motor current in brake mode. The CS voltage is used internally by the motor driver, so to avoid interfering with the driver’s operation, you should \u003cins\u003enot\u003c\/ins\u003e add a capacitor to this pin or connect a load that draws more than a few mA from it.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReal-world power dissipation considerations\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe MOSFETs can handle large current spikes for short durations (e.g. 100 A for a few milliseconds), and the driver’s current chopping will keep the average current under the set limit. The peak ratings are for quick transients (e.g. when a motor is first turned on), and the continuous rating is dependent on various conditions, such as the ambient temperature. PWMing the motor will introduce additional heating proportional to the frequency. The actual current you can deliver will depend on how well you can keep the motor driver cool. The driver’s printed circuit board is designed to draw heat out of the MOSFETs, but performance can be improved by adding a heat sink or air flow. For high-current installations, the motor and power supply wires should also be soldered directly instead of going through the supplied terminal blocks, which are rated for up to 16 A.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWarning: This motor driver has no over-temperature shut-off. An over-temperature or over-current condition can cause permanent damage to the motor driver. You might consider using either the driver’s integrated current sense output (with an external ADC) or an external current sensor to monitor your current draw.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThis product can get hot enough to burn under normal operating conditions. Take care when handling this product and other components connected to it.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/pololu\/dual-g2-high-power-motor-driver-rpi\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePython library for the Pololu Dual G2 High Power Motor Drivers for Raspberry Pi\u003c\/a\u003e - \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"24v14","offer_id":1154150694922,"sku":"POL-3752","price":37.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"18v18","offer_id":1154150727690,"sku":"POL-3750","price":37.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"18v22","offer_id":1154150760458,"sku":"POL-3754","price":52.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/0J8139.1200.jpg?v=1576078858"},{"product_id":"zumo-reflectance-sensor-array","title":"Zumo Reflectance Sensor Array","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis reflectance sensor module is designed for use with the \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/products\/zumo-shield-for-arduino-v1-3\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eZumo shield for Arduino\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt has six IR LED\/phototransistor pairs that can be used for line following or edge detection; each sensor provides an independent, digital I\/O-measurable output. The array draws approximately 40 mA when the emitters are on, and an optional input allows the emitters to be turned off for additional sensing or power-saving options.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Zumo reflectance sensor array provides an easy way to add line sensing or edge detection to a Zumo robot. It features six separate reflectance sensors, each consisting of an IR emitter coupled with a phototransistor that responds based on how much emitter light is reflected back to it. The two outside sensors are positioned at the very edges of the module to maximize their usefulness as edge detectors (e.g. for seeing the white edge of a sumo ring) while the four inner sensors are closer together for better detecting lines.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe sensor array plugs into the front expansion header of the Zumo shield, which provides it with power and the necessary I\/O connections. The default I\/O connections are to pins that are otherwise unused by the Zumo shield, but the sensor module makes it possible to remap these pins or disconnect specific sensors altogether to free up I\/O lines. Please see the \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/docs\/0J57\/2.c\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eZumo Shield user’s guide\u003c\/a\u003e for detailed information about assembly and use with the Zumo robot.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eIncluded components\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Zumo reflectance sensor array ships with all of the components you need to connect it to a Zumo shield:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe short ends of the extended 2×12 male header strip should be soldered to the board with the solder joints made on the component side of the array. The included 2×12 female header should be soldered to the front expansion area of the Zumo shield as described in the Zumo shield user’s guide. The array also ships with two 1×3 male headers: a straight version and a right-angle version. You can optionally solder the 1×3 header of your choice to the set of three holes along the edge of the board and use the included shorting block to connect the appropriate I\/O line to the LEDON pin for dynamic control of the IR emitters (note: it is generally easier to install the 3-pin header before the larger 24-pin header). If you are content just having the IR emitters on all the time, you can skip installation of the 1×3 header. The assembled picture above shows the right-angle header installed.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow it works\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe array uses the same sensor modules as the Pololu \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/?q=qtr\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eQTR reflectance sensors\u003c\/a\u003e. The procedure for reading each sensor is as follows:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTurn on IR LEDs (optional).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMake the I\/O line connected to that sensor an output and drive it high.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWait several microseconds to give the 1 nF capacitor node time to reach 5 V.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMake the I\/O line an input (with internal pull-up disabled).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMeasure the time for the voltage to decay by waiting for the I\/O line to go low.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTurn off IR LEDs (optional).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese steps can typically be executed in parallel for all six sensors. The Pololu Zumo Arduino library provides functions for reading the sensors and controlling the emitters (as well as high-level functions for taking calibrated readings and determining the position of a line), so you do not have to program this sequence of steps yourself.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWith a strong reflectance, the decay time can be as low as several dozen microseconds; with no reflectance, the decay time can be up to a few milliseconds. Meaningful results can be available within 1 ms in typical cases (i.e. when not trying to measure subtle differences in low-reflectance scenarios), allowing up to 1 kHz sampling of all 6 sensors. If lower-frequency sampling is sufficient, substantial power savings can be realized by turning off the LEDs. For example, if a 100 Hz sampling rate is acceptable, the LEDs can be off 90% of the time, lowering average current consumption from 40 mA to 4 mA.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo minimize the required emitter current, the IR LEDs are arranged in two parallel chains of three and powered from the Zumo shield’s boosted 7.45 V. Each chain of emitters is wired in series with a red LED, making it possible to tell when current is flowing through that chain (it is not possible to tell if the IR LEDs are on by looking at them with the unaided eye). All of the IR emitter LEDs are controlled by a single MOSFET that is gated by a digital LEDON input that enables the emitters when left disconnected or driven high. If this input is driven low, the emitters are disabled. Turning the LEDs off might be advantageous for limiting power consumption when the sensors are not in use or for varying the effective brightness of the LEDs through PWM control. Additionally, reading the sensors with the emitters turned off makes it possible to detect (and potentially compensate for) any ambient IR that might be interfering with readings. When the emitters are on, the sensor array draws approximately 40 mA.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDocumentation and other information\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/files\/zumo-reflectance-sensor-array-schematic-diagram.pdf?17821603652679232847\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSchematic diagram\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/docs\/0J57\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePololu Zumo Shield for Arduino User’s Guide\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/files\/zumo-reflectance-sensor-array-dimensions.pdf?11475153235065561219\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eDimension diagram of the Zumo Reflectance Sensor Array\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/file\/0J1303\/zumo-reflectance-sensor-array.step\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e3D model of the Zumo Reflectance Sensor Array\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":21446039732307,"sku":"POL-1419","price":12.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/0J4207.1200.jpg?v=1548858770"},{"product_id":"magnetic-encoder-pair-kit-for-micro-metal-gearmotors-12-cpr-2-7-18v-hpcb-compatible","title":"Magnetic Encoder Pair Kit for Micro Metal Gearmotors, 12 CPR, 2.7-18V (HPCB compatible)","description":"\u003cp\u003eAdd quadrature encoders to your micro metal gearmotors (extended back shaft version required) with this kit that uses a magnetic disc and hall effect sensors to provide 12 counts per revolution of the motor shaft.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe sensors operate from 2.7 V to 18 V and provide digital outputs that can be connected directly to a microcontroller or other digital circuit.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis kit includes two dual-channel Hall Effect sensor boards and two 6-pole magnetic discs that can be used to add quadrature encoding to two \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/products\/micro-metal-gearmotor-extended-back-shaft\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003emicro metal gearmotors with extended back shafts\u003c\/a\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e(motors are not included with this kit)\u003c\/strong\u003e. The encoder board senses the rotation of the magnetic disc and provides a resolution of 12 counts per revolution of the motor shaft when counting both edges of both channels. To compute the counts per revolution of the gearbox output shaft, multiply the gear ratio by 12.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis compact encoder solution fits within the 12 mm × 10 mm cross section of the motors on three of the four sides, and it only extends 0.6 mm past the edge of the fourth side (note: if you need it to be flush with that last side, you can carefully grind the board down a little and solder to the remaining half-holes). The assembly does not extend past the end of the extended motor shaft, which protrudes 5 mm beyond the plastic end cap on the back of the motor.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003ePinout and installation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe encoder board is designed to be soldered directly to the back of the motor, with the back shaft of the motor protruding through the hole in the middle of the circuit board. One way to achieve good alignment between the board and the motor is to tack down the board to one motor pin and to solder the other pin only when the board is flat and well aligned. Be careful to avoid prolonged heating of the motor pins, which could deform the plastic end cap of the motor or the motor brushes. Once the board is soldered down to the two terminals, the motor leads are connected to the M1 and M2 pads along the edge of the board; the remaining four pads are used to power the sensors and access the two quadrature outputs\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe sensors are powered through the VCC and GND pins. VCC can be 2.7 V to 18 V, and the quadrature outputs A and B are digital signals that are either driven low (0 V) by the sensors or pulled to VCC through 10 kΩ pull-up resistors, depending on the applied magnetic field. The sensors’ comparators have built-in hysteresis, which prevents spurious signals in cases where the motor stops near a transition point.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0389\/1025\/files\/0J5831.1200_480x480.png?v=1570089275\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe board’s six pads have a 2 mm pitch, so they do not work with common 0.1″ connectors. One option for connecting to the board is to solder in individual wires, such as in the example below:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0389\/1025\/files\/0J5832.1200_480x480.jpg?v=1570089312\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOnce the board is soldered to the motor, the magnetic encoder disc can be pushed onto the motor shaft. One easy way to accomplish this is to press the motor onto the disc while it is sitting on a flat surface, pushing until the shaft makes contact with that surface. The size of the gap between the encoder disc and the sensor board does not have a big impact on performance as long as the motor shaft is at least all the way through the disc.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDimensions\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSize: 10.6 mm × 11.6 mm\u003csup\u003e1\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWeight: 1.0 g\u003csup\u003e2\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGeneral specifications\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMinimum operating voltage: 2.7 V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaximum operating voltage: 18 V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIdentifying markings\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB dev codes: enc03b\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOther PCB markings: 0J8984\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e1 \u003c\/sup\u003eThe assembled encoder will extend 5 mm beyond the plastic motor end cap (it fits entirely within the length of the extended motor shaft).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e2 \u003c\/sup\u003eWeight of full set. Each encoder board weighs ~0.2 g and each magnet disc weighs ~0.3 g.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResources\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/file\/0J814\/magnetic-encoder-kit-for-micro-metal-gearmotors-schematic.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eMagnetic Encoder Kit for Micro Metal Gearmotors schematic diagram\u003c\/a\u003e (125k pdf)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/file\/0J815\/TLE4946-2K.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eInfineon TLE4946-2K Hall Effect sensor datasheet\u003c\/a\u003e (1MB pdf)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/file\/0J1252\/magnetic-encoder-pair-kit-for-micro-metal-gearmotors-hpcb-compatible-dimension-diagram.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eDimension diagram of the Magnetic Encoder Pair Kit for Micro Metal Gearmotors, 12 CPR, 2.7-18V (HPCB compatible)\u003c\/a\u003e (189k pdf)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/file\/0J1257\/magnetic-encoder-pair-kit-for-micro-metal-gearmotors-hpcb-compatible.zip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003e3D models of Magnetic Encoder Pair Kit for Micro Metal Gearmotors, 12 CPR, 2.7-18V (HPCB compatible)\u003c\/a\u003e (585k zip) - This file contains 3D models (in the step file format) of the components for the Magnetic Encoder Pair Kit for Micro Metal Gearmotors, 12 CPR, 2.7-18V (HPCB compatible)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/file\/0J1256\/enc03b-drill.dxf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eDrill guide for the enc03b encoder PCB\u003c\/a\u003e (25k dxf) - This DXF drawing shows the locations of all of the board’s holes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":30271550914643,"sku":"POL-3081","price":7.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/0J5824.1200.jpg?v=1570110311"},{"product_id":"0-100-2-54-mm-female-header-straight","title":"0.1\" (2.54 mm) Female Header: Straight","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis connector is a straight female header strip designed to match 0.1\" male headers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese 0.1\" straight female header strips are commonly used as low-cost connectors for custom-made cables or perforated prototyping PCBs. The standard spacing is the same as on most \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/?q=com01\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003esolderless breadboards\u003c\/a\u003e and matches 0.1\" male header strips.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSpecifiations\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGender: female\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePin type: straight\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCurrent rating: 3A\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpacing: 0.100 in\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"1x2-Pin","offer_id":31487169429587,"sku":"POL-1012","price":0.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"1x3-Pin","offer_id":31533815201875,"sku":"POL-1013","price":0.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"1x4-Pin","offer_id":31533815595091,"sku":"POL-1014","price":0.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"1x5-Pin","offer_id":31533816774739,"sku":"POL-1015","price":0.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"1x6-Pin","offer_id":31533816971347,"sku":"POL-1016","price":0.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"1x7-Pin","offer_id":39351742300243,"sku":"POL-1017","price":0.75,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"1x8-Pin","offer_id":31533817528403,"sku":"POL-1018","price":0.75,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"1x9-Pin","offer_id":39351743479891,"sku":"POL-1019","price":0.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"1x10-Pin","offer_id":39351739383891,"sku":"POL-1020","price":0.75,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"1x11-Pin","offer_id":39351739777107,"sku":"POL-1021","price":1.25,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"1x12-Pin","offer_id":31533817954387,"sku":"POL-1030","price":1.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"1x16-Pin","offer_id":31533818740819,"sku":"POL-1031","price":1.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"1x17-Pin","offer_id":39351741317203,"sku":"POL-1111","price":1.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"2x2-Pin","offer_id":39351746461779,"sku":"POL-1022","price":0.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"2x3-Pin","offer_id":31605644296275,"sku":"POL-1023","price":0.75,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"2x4-Pin","offer_id":31487169462355,"sku":"POL-1024","price":0.75,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"2x5-Pin","offer_id":31533817593939,"sku":"POL-1025","price":0.75,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"2x6-Pin","offer_id":31487169527891,"sku":"POL-1026","price":0.75,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"2x7-Pin","offer_id":39351748198483,"sku":"POL-1027","price":1.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"2x8-Pin","offer_id":39351748296787,"sku":"POL-1028","price":1.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"2x12-Pin","offer_id":39351744626771,"sku":"POL-1029","price":1.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"2x13-Pin","offer_id":39351745544275,"sku":"POL-2745","price":1.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"2x16-Pin","offer_id":31533819199571,"sku":"POL-1032","price":1.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"2x17-Pin","offer_id":39351746396243,"sku":"POL-1036","price":1.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"2x20-Pin","offer_id":39351747248211,"sku":"POL-1037","price":2.25,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"3x4-Pin","offer_id":39351749148755,"sku":"POL-1034","price":1.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"3x6-Pin","offer_id":39351751147603,"sku":"POL-1656","price":1.25,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"3x7-Pin","offer_id":39351751278675,"sku":"POL-1658","price":1.25,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"3x8-Pin","offer_id":31533820608595,"sku":"POL-1038","price":1.25,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/0J879.1200.jpg?v=1580981039"},{"product_id":"3-pin-female-jst-ph-style-cable-30-cm","title":"3-Pin Female JST PH-Style Cable (30 cm)","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis 12-inch (30-cm) cable has 26 AWG wires and a 3-pin female JST PH-style connector.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe other ends of the wires are unterminated; they can be cut to length to match your application. The wire color scheme matches the Sharp distance sensor pinout: red for power, black for ground, and white for signal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe connector pins have a 2 mm pitch.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/file\/0J373\/JST_ePH.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eJST PH Connector Datasheet\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":31487294636115,"sku":"POL-117","price":1.25,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/0J1464.1200.jpg?v=1580981040"},{"product_id":"3-pin-female-jst-ph-style-cable-30-cm-with-male-pins-for-0-1-housings","title":"3-Pin Female JST PH-Style Cable (30 cm) with Male Pins for 0.1\" Housings","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThis 12-inch (30-cm) cable has 26 AWG wires with a 3-pin female JST PH-style connector. The other ends of the wire are terminated with \u003c\/span\u003emale pins for 0.1\" housing\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe wire color scheme matches the Sharp distance sensor pinout: red for power, black for ground, and white for signal.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/file\/0J373\/JST_ePH.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eJST PH Connector Datasheet\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":31487384977491,"sku":"POL-1799","price":1.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/0J3504.1200.jpg?v=1580981041"},{"product_id":"0-1-2-54mm-crimp-connector-housing","title":"0.1\" (2.54mm) Crimp Connector Housing","description":"\u003cp\u003eThese housings let you quickly make custom cables that mate with various 0.1\"-spaced connectors, including male or female headers and solderless breadboards.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJust pick the housing for the correct number of pins, pick the colors and genders for your wires, and snap them into the housings (note: it’s not easy to get the wires back out, so plan carefully!).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYou can easily make cable harnesses or assemblies that branch from one connector on one side to multiple connectors on the other; you can also cut off one pre-crimped end and solder the wires directly to components to make swapping connections easy\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis customer-made video shows how to make custom cables with these crimp connector housings using pre-crimped wires and self-crimped wires made with a \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/products\/universal-crimping-pliers\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ecrimping tool\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDimensions\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003ePins\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eA (mm)\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eB (mm)\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1 x 1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e-\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.54\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1 x 2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.54\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5.08\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1 x 3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5.08\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e7.62\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1 x 4\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e7.62\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e10.16\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1 x 5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e10.16\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e12.70\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1 x 6\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e12.70\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e15.24\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1 x 7\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e15.24\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e17.78\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1 x 9\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e20.32\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e22.86\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1 x 10\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e22.86\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e25.40\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1 x 12\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e27.94\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e30.48\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2 x 2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.54\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5.08\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2 x 3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5.08\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e7.62\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2 x 5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e10.16\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e12.70\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2 x 10\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e22.86\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e25.40\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2 x 12\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e27.94\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e30.48\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2 x 16\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e38.10\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e40.64\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/files\/0J1727.1200_480x480.png?v=1580982909\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/files\/0J1728.1200_480x480.png?v=1580982917\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"1x1-Pin 25-Pack","offer_id":31487704137811,"sku":"POL-1900","price":1.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"1x2-Pin 25-Pack","offer_id":31534842478675,"sku":"POL-1901","price":1.25,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"1x3-Pin 25-Pack","offer_id":31534901493843,"sku":"POL-1902","price":1.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"1x4-Pin 10-Pack","offer_id":31534994292819,"sku":"POL-1903","price":1.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"1x5-Pin 10-Pack","offer_id":31487704170579,"sku":"POL-1904","price":1.25,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"1x6-Pin 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10-Pack","offer_id":31487807160403,"sku":"POL-1910","price":1.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"2x3-Pin 10-Pack","offer_id":31487704268883,"sku":"POL-1911","price":1.25,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"2x4-Pin 10-Pack","offer_id":39351773823059,"sku":"POL-1912","price":1.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"2x5-Pin 5-Pack","offer_id":31487704301651,"sku":"POL-1913","price":1.25,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"2x7-Pin 5-Pack","offer_id":39351774838867,"sku":"POL-1915","price":1.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"2x10-Pin 5-Pack","offer_id":31535151349843,"sku":"POL-1917","price":2.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"2x12-Pin 5-Pack","offer_id":31535201976403,"sku":"POL-1921","price":2.25,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"2x16-Pin 5-Pack","offer_id":31535192932435,"sku":"POL-1918","price":2.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"2x17-Pin 5-Pack","offer_id":39351775363155,"sku":"POL-1989","price":2.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"2x18-Pin 5-Pack","offer_id":39351776313427,"sku":"POL-1990","price":2.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"2x20-Pin 5-Pack","offer_id":39351777263699,"sku":"POL-1992","price":2.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/0J1596.1200.jpg?v=1580983160"},{"product_id":"pololu-universal-aluminum-mounting-hub-for-5mm-shaft-m3-holes-2-pack","title":"Pololu Universal Aluminum Mounting Hub, M3 Holes (2-Pack)","description":"\u003cp\u003eThese universal aluminum mounting hubs allow you to mount custom wheels and mechanisms to various diameter motor shafts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe set includes two hubs, two M3 set screws for securing the hubs to motor shafts, and one 1.5 mm Allen wrench for use with the set screws. Each hub has four threaded mounting holes for M3 screws (not included).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese universal mounting hubs are designed to work with most diameter shafts, including round shafts and “D” shafts. Each of the two included hubs has four mounting holes for M3 screws (not included), letting you mount custom wheels or mechanisms to your motors. The two included M3 hex set screws (one for each hub) allow secure coupling of shaft to hub, and a 1.5 mm hex wrench is included for use with the set screws.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDimensions\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDimensional Drawing\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/files\/1996-3mm-m3-hub-dimensions.pdf?v=1621954156\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003e3mm\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/files\/1997-4mm-m3-hub-dimensions.pdf?v=1621954156\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003e4mm\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/files\/1998-5mm-m3-hub-dimensions.pdf?v=1621954156\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003e5mm\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/files\/1999-6mm-m3-hub-dimensions.pdf?v=1621954156\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003e6mm\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/files\/pololu-universal-aluminum-mounting-hub-for-8mm-shaft-m3-holes-dimensions.pdf?v=1621954156\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003e8mm\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDiameter\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e17.5mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e19mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e19mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e25.4mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e25.4mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThickness\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9.2mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9.2mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eWeight\u003csup\u003e1\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.8g\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e3.2g\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e3.2g\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6.8g\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6.7g\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMounting Hole Size\u003csup\u003e2\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eM3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eM3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eM3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eM3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eM3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003csup\u003e1\u003c\/sup\u003e For a single hub only (without set screw).\u003cbr\u003e \u003csup\u003e2\u003c\/sup\u003e This is also the size of the set screw\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"3mm Shaft","offer_id":39351818059859,"sku":"POL-1996","price":6.25,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"4mm Shaft","offer_id":39351818092627,"sku":"POL-1997","price":7.25,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"5mm Shaft","offer_id":39351818027091,"sku":"POL-1998","price":7.25,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"6mm Shaft","offer_id":39351818125395,"sku":"POL-1999","price":8.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"8mm Shaft","offer_id":39351818158163,"sku":"POL-2693","price":8.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/0J2468.1200.jpg?v=1580984648"},{"product_id":"pololu-basic-spdt-relay-carrier-with-5vdc-relay-assembled","title":"Pololu Basic SPDT Relay Carrier with 5VDC Relay (Assembled)","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe Pololu basic relay carrier modules allow simple control of a single-pole, double-throw (SPDT) switch from low-voltage, low-current control signals.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis item includes the basic carrier PCB with a soldered-in 5 V relay, 5.0 mm terminal blocks for the switch connections, and straight 0.1\" male header for the control connections. The included power relay is an Omron G5LE-14-DC5 and is rated for up to 10 A under most conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe carrier board routes the three relay control pins to 0.1″-spaced pins compatible with standard \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/?q=com01\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003esolderless breadboads\u003c\/a\u003e and female servo cable connectors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eUsing the relay module\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe switch portion of the relay is accessible on one side of the board while the control pins are routed to the other. The relay coil is powered by supplying the appropriate coil voltage for your specific relay across the VDD and GND pins, and it is activated by a digital high control signal on the EN pin. The control signal is fed directly to a BSS138 N-channel MOSFET, which in turn actuates the relay coil when the control voltage exceeds approximately 2.5 V, up to a maximum of 20 V (see \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/file\/0J620\/BSS138-7-F.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eBSS138 datasheet\u003c\/a\u003e (92k pdf) for details).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe relay switch terminals COM (common), NO (normally open), and NC (normally closed) are routed on the PCB with a minimum clearance of 60 mils (1.5 mm) from other copper. The copper traces are designed to be at least 45 mil (1.1 mm) from the board edges, though manufacturing variations in the board edges can make those distances slightly lower.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn most applications, the current and voltage ratings for the module will match the ratings of the relay used. Maximum current, maximum voltage, and life expectancy are interdependent; we therefore recommend careful examination of your relay’s datasheet.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWarning: This product is not designed to or certified for any particular high-voltage safety standard. Working with voltages above 30 V can be extremely dangerous and should only be attempted by qualified individuals with appropriate equipment and protective gear.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResources\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/file\/0J618\/pololu-basic-spdt-relay-carrier-schematic-diagram.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003ePololu basic SPDT relay carrier schematic diagram\u003c\/a\u003e (131k pdf)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/file\/0J619\/G5LE.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eOmron G5LE single-pole 10A power relay datasheet\u003c\/a\u003e (1MB pdf)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/file\/0J620\/BSS138-7-F.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eBSS138 N-channel MOSFET datasheet\u003c\/a\u003e (92k pdf)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/file\/0J939\/rly01a02-drill.dxf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eBasic SPDT Relay Carrier for “Sugar Cube” Relays drill guide\u003c\/a\u003e (33k dxf)This DXF drawing shows the locations of all of the board’s holes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/file\/0J954\/pololu-basic-spdt-relay-carrier-with-dc-relay.step\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003e3D model of the Pololu Basic SPDT Relay Carrier with DC Relay\u003c\/a\u003e (3MB step)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":31488309919827,"sku":"POL-2480","price":5.25,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/0J4370.1200.jpg?v=1580988245"},{"product_id":"pololu-5v-step-up-voltage-regulator-u1v11f5","title":"Pololu 5V Step-Up Voltage Regulator U1V11F5","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis compact (0.45″×0.6″) U1V11F5 switching step-up (or boost) voltage regulator efficiently generates \u003cstrong\u003e5 V\u003c\/strong\u003e from input voltages as low as 0.5 V.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike most boost regulators, the U1V11F5 offers a true shutdown option that turns off power to the load, and it automatically switches to a linear down-regulation mode when the input voltage exceeds the output. The pins have a 0.1″ spacing, making this board compatible with standard solderless breadboards and perfboards.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis 5 V boost (step-up) voltage regulator generates higher output voltages from input voltages as low as 0.5 V, and it also automatically switches to a linear down-regulation mode when the input voltage exceeds the output. This makes it great for powering 5 V electronics projects from 1 to 3 NiMH, NiCd, or alkaline cells or from a single lithium-ion cell. Additionally, unlike most boost regulators, this unit offers a true shutdown option that turns off power to the load (with typical boost regulators, the input voltage will pass directly through to the output when they are disabled).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen boosting, this module acts as a switching regulator (also called switched-mode power supplies (SMPS) or DC-to-DC converters) and has a typical efficiency between 70% to 90%. The available output current is a function of the input voltage, output voltage, and efficiency (see \u003cem\u003eTypical Efficiency and Output Current\u003c\/em\u003e section below), but the input current can typically be as high as 1.2 A.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe regulator’s thermal shutdown engages at around 140°C and helps prevent damage from overheating, but it does \u003cstrong\u003enot\u003c\/strong\u003e have reverse-voltage protection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInput voltage: 0.5 V to 5.5 V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFixed 5 V output with 4% accuracy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTrue shutdown option that turns off power to the load\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAutomatic linear down-regulation when the input voltage is greater than the output voltage\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.2 A switch allows for input currents up to 1.2 A\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGood efficiency at light load: \u0026lt;1 mA typical no-load quiescent current, though it can exceed 1 mA for very low input voltages (\u0026lt;100 μA typical quiescent current with SHDN = LOW)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrated over-temperature shutoff\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSmall size: 0.45″ × 0.6″; × 0.1″ (12 × 15 × 3 mm)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eUsing the Regulator\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConnections\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe boost regulator has four connections: shutdown (SHDN), input voltage (VIN), ground (GND), and output voltage (VOUT).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe SHDN can be driven low (typically under 0.4 V) to power down the regulator and turn off power to the load (unlike most boost regulators, the input power does not pass through to the output when the board is disabled). This pin is internally pulled up to VIN through an 100 kΩ resistor, so it can be left disconnected or connected directly to VIN if you do not need to use the disable feature. The disable threshold is a function of the input voltage as follows:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFor VIN \u0026lt; 0.8 V, SHDN voltage must be below 0.1×VIN to disable the regulator and above 0.9×VIN to enable it.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFor 0.8 V ≤ VIN ≤ 1.5 V, SHDN voltage must be below 0.2×VIN to disable the regulator and above 0.8×VIN to enable it.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFor VIN \u0026gt; 1.5 V, SHDN voltage must be below 0.4 V to disable the regulator and above 1.2 V to enable it.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe input voltage, VIN, must be at least 0.5 V for the regulator to turn on. However, once the regulator is on, the input voltage can drop as low as 0.3 V and the 5 V output voltage will be maintained on VOUT. Unlike standard boost regulators, this regulator has an additional linear down-regulation mode that allows it to convert input voltages as high as 5.5 V down to 5 V for small to moderate sized loads. When the input voltage exceeds 5 V, the regulator automatically switches to this down-regulation mode. The input voltage should not exceed 5.5 V. Please be wary of destructive LC spikes that might cause the input voltage to surpass 5.5 V (see below for more information).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe four connections are labeled on the back side of the PCB, and they are arranged with a 0.1″ spacing along the edge of the board for compatibility with solderless breadboards, connectors, and other prototyping arrangements that use a 0.1″ grid. You can solder wires directly to the board or solder in either the 4×1 straight male header strip or the 4×1 right-angle male header strip that is included.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTypical Efficiency and Output Current\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe efficiency of a voltage regulator, defined as (Power out)\/(Power in), is an important measure of its performance, especially when battery life or heat are concerns. As shown in the graphs below, this switching regulator typically has an efficiency of 70 to 90%.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe maximum achievable output current is approximately proportional to the ratio of the input voltage to the output voltage. If the \u003cem\u003einput\u003c\/em\u003e current exceeds the switch current limit (typically somewhere between 1.2 and 1.5 A), the output voltage will begin to drop. Additionally, the maximum output current can depend on other factors, including the ambient temperature, air flow, and heat sinking.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eLC Voltage Spikes\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen connecting voltage to electronic circuits, the initial rush of current can cause damaging voltage spikes that are much higher than the input voltage. In our tests with typical power leads (~30″ test clips), input voltages above 4.5 V caused voltage spikes that could potentially damage the regulator. You can suppress such spikes by soldering a 33 μF or larger electrolytic capacitor close to the regulator between VIN and GND.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMore information about LC spikes can be found in this application note, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/docs\/0J16\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eUnderstanding Destructive LC Voltage Spikes\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResources\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/file\/0J788\/u1v11x-schematic.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003ePololu Step-Up Voltage Regulator U1V11x schematic diagram\u003c\/a\u003e (177k pdf)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/file\/0J794\/tps6120x-datasheet.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eTexas Instruments TPS6120x regulator datasheet\u003c\/a\u003e (1MB pdf)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/file\/0J1674\/step-up-voltage-regulator-u1v11x-dimensions.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eDimension diagram of the U1V11x family of step-up voltage regulators\u003c\/a\u003e (229k pdf)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/file\/0J1675\/step-up-voltage-regulator-u1v11x.step\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003e3D model of the Step-Up Voltage Regulator U1V11x\u003c\/a\u003e (3MB step)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/file\/0J942\/reg12a01-drill.dxf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eDrill guide for step-up voltage regulator U1V11x\u003c\/a\u003e (21k dxf)This DXF drawing shows the locations of all of the board’s holes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":31488567279699,"sku":"POL-2562","price":16.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/0J4611.1200.jpg?v=1580988244"},{"product_id":"breakout-board-for-microsd-card","title":"Breakout Board for microSD Card","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis simple board breaks out the pins of a microSD card connector to a 0.1″ pin spacing that is compatible with standard perfboards, solderless breadboards, and 0.1\" connectors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMicroSD memory cards (originally known as TransFlash) provide a compact and inexpensive way to add gigabytes of non-volatile storage to a project. All SD cards support communication over the SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) bus, making it straightforward to interface one of these cards with an SPI-capable microcontroller.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis carrier board makes it easy to connect to a microSD card by breaking out all of the contacts from a microSD card socket into two rows of 0.1″-spaced pins. The board measures only 0.8″ × 0.7″, and a set of breakaway 0.1″ male header strips (one 1×7 and one 1×4) is included, which can be soldered in to use the board with breadboards, perfboards, or 0.1″ female connectors. (The headers might ship as a single 1×11 piece that can be broken in two).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eUsing the breakout board\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSince many microcontrollers have built-in SPI interfaces, most hobbyist projects communicate with Secure Digital cards in SPI bus mode. (The alternative SD bus mode is proprietary, and a license from the SD Association is required for access to the full specifications.) Where applicable, the pins on this board are labeled according to their functions in SPI mode.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll of the microSD card’s power pins and all of the signal pins necessary to interface with the card through SPI are available along the right side of the board. The left side of the board exposes duplicate power pins, along with two additional signal lines (DAT1 and DAT2) that are not needed for SPI communication but are used in 4-bit SD bus mode. The DAT1 pin also serves as an interrupt pin (IRQ) in SDIO devices. (Note that if you are using this module in a breadboard, you might want to solder header pins into both sides of the board for added stability even if you only plan to use the SPI pins.)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe following tables describe the function of each pin on the breakout board in SPI and SD mode:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003ePin\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"3\"\u003eDescription\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGND\u003cbr\u003e(VSS)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\"\u003ePower and logic ground\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eVDD\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\"\u003eSupply voltage (2.7 V to 3.6 V for standard microSD cards)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCD\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\"\u003eCard detect. When a card is inserted, this pin is floating; when no card is inserted, it is shorted to ground. A pull-up resistor can be used to pull the line high when a card is present.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"2\"\u003eSPI mode\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"2\"\u003eSD mode\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003ePin\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eDescription\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003ePin\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eDescription\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eData in (MOSI)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCMD\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCommand\/response\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDO\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eData out (MISO)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDAT0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eData (bit 0)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSCLK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eClock\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCLK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eClock\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCS\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eChip select (active low)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDAT3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eData (bit 3)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e—\u003cbr\u003eIRQ\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eReserved\u003cbr\u003eInterrupt (active low; SDIO devices only)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDAT1\u003cbr\u003eIRQ\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eData (bit 1)\u003cbr\u003eInterrupt (active low; SDIO devices only)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eReserved\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDAT2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eData (bit 2)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWarning:\u003c\/strong\u003e Standard microSD cards use 3.3 V logic level signals, so level shifters or voltage dividers are required when connecting one to a 5 V system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommunicating with a microSD card\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe SD Association publishes a set of \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sdcard.org\/downloads\/pls\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003esimplified specifications\u003c\/a\u003e for SD cards containing information on interfacing with them. However, there are a number of ways to get started without understanding the specifications or writing your own code from scratch, since many microcontroller development platforms provide libraries for communicating with SD cards. For example:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/arduino.cc\/en\/Reference\/SD\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSD library\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e for \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/collections\/arduino\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eArduino\u003c\/a\u003e provides functions for accessing files and directories on an SD card.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/mbed.org\/cookbook\/SD-Card-File-System\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSD Card File System library\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e for mbed allows similar filesystem access.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":31488692518995,"sku":"POL-2597","price":2.75,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/0J5759.1200.jpg?v=1580988240"},{"product_id":"0-100-2-54-mm-female-header-right-angle","title":"0.1\" (2.54 mm) Female Header: Right-Angle","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis connector is a single-row, right-angle female header strip designed to match 0.1\" male headers\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese 0.1\" female header strips are commonly used as low-cost connectors for custom-made cables or perforated prototyping PCBs. The standard spacing is the same as on most \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/?q=com01\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003esolderless breadboards\u003c\/a\u003e and matches 0.1\" male header strips.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"1x3-Pin","offer_id":31488850755667,"sku":"POL-2703","price":0.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"1x5-Pin","offer_id":31488850788435,"sku":"POL-2705","price":0.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"1x8-Pin","offer_id":31488850821203,"sku":"POL-2708","price":0.75,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"1x9-Pin","offer_id":31488850853971,"sku":"POL-2709","price":0.75,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"1x10-Pin","offer_id":31535209840723,"sku":"POL-2710","price":0.75,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"1x12-Pin","offer_id":31488850952275,"sku":"POL-2712","price":0.75,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/0J4868.1200.jpg?v=1580991838"},{"product_id":"pololu-drv8835-dual-motor-driver-kit-for-raspberry-pi","title":"Pololu DRV8835 Dual Motor Driver Kit for Raspberry Pi","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis compact expansion board plugs directly into the GPIO header on a Raspberry Pi and provides an easy and low-cost solution for driving a pair of small brushed DC motors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIts integrated DRV8835 dual motor driver allows it to operate from 1.5 V to 11 V, making it a great control option for low-voltage motors. The board can deliver a continuous 1.2 A (1.5 A peak) per motor, or a continuous 2.4 A (3 A peak) to a single motor when configured with both channels connected in parallel.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe board uses GPIO pins 5, 6, 12, and 13 to control the motor driver, making use of the Raspberry Pi’s hardware PWM outputs, although the pin mappings can be customized if the defaults are not convenient.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough the DRV8835 itself works with a minimum motor supply voltage of 0 V, this board’s reverse-protection circuit limits the minimum to 1.5 V.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDual-H-bridge motor driver: can drive two DC motors or one bipolar stepper motor\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMotor supply voltage: 1.5 V to 11 V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLogic supply voltage 2 V to 7 V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutput current: 1.2 A continuous (1.5 A peak) per motor\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMotor outputs can be paralleled to deliver 2.4 A continuous (3 A peak) to a single motor\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePWM operation up to 250 kHz (ultrasonic frequencies allow for quieter motor operation)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTwo possible interface modes: PHASE\/ENABLE (default – one pin for direction, another for speed) or IN\/IN (outputs mostly mirror inputs)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBoard can optionally power the Raspberry Pi base directly through add-on regulator (not included)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/pololu\/drv8835-motor-driver-rpi\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePython library\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGPIO pin mappings can be customized if the default mappings are not convenient\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReverse-voltage protection on motor power supply\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUnder-voltage lockout and protection against over-current and over-temperature\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eUsing the motor driver\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFull setup and usage instructions can be found \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/product\/2753\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehere\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePlease note:\u003c\/strong\u003e This product can get hot enough to burn you long before the chip overheats. Take care when handling this product and other components connected to it.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":31489116176467,"sku":"POL-2753","price":13.75,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/0J6601.1200.jpg?v=1580991843"},{"product_id":"tb6612fng-dual-motor-driver-carrier","title":"TB6612FNG Dual Motor Driver Carrier","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis tiny board is an easy way to use Toshiba’s TB6612FNG dual motor driver, which can independently control two bidirectional DC motors or one bipolar stepper motor.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA recommended motor voltage of 4.5 V to 13.5 V and peak current output of 3 A per channel (1 A continuous) make this a great motor driver for low-power motors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/file\/0J86\/TB6612FNG.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eTB6612FNG\u003c\/a\u003e (308k pdf) is a great dual motor driver that is perfect for interfacing two small DC motors such as our \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/?q=com08\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003emicro metal gearmotors\u003c\/a\u003e to a microcontroller, and it can also be used to control a single bipolar stepper motor.  This little breakout board gives you direct access to all of the features of the TB6612FNG and adds power supply capacitors and reverse battery protection on the motor supply (note: there is no reverse protection on the Vcc connection).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn a typical application, power connections are made on one side of the board and control connections are made on the other. All of the control inputs are internally pulled low. Each of the two motor channels has two direction control pins and a speed control pin that accepts a PWM input with a frequency of up to 100 kHz. The STBY pin must be driven high to take the driver out of standby mode.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe distance between the header rows on the PCB is 0.1\" smaller than a standard 0.6\" DIP package, but the pin spacing allows it to conveniently fit in 0.1\" breadboards and perfboards.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFeatures and specifications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDual-H-bridge motor driver: can drive two DC motors or one bipolar stepper motor\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecommended motor voltage (VMOT): 4.5 V to 13.5 V (can operate down to 2.5 V with derated performance)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLogic voltage (VCC): 2.7 V to 5.5 V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutput current maximum: 3 A per channel\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutput current continuous: 1 A per channel (can be paralleled to deliver 2 A continuous)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaximum PWM frequency: 100 kHz\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBuilt-in thermal shutdown circuit\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFiltering capacitors on both supply lines\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReverse-power protection on the motor supply\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eReal-world power dissipation considerations\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe TB6612 motor driver used on the carrier board has a peak current rating of 3 A per channel. The peak ratings are for quick transients (e.g. when a motor is first turned on), and the continuous rating of 1 A is dependent on various conditions, such as the ambient temperature. The actual current you can deliver will depend on how well you can keep the motor driver cool. The carrier’s printed circuit board is designed to draw heat out of the motor driver chip, but performance can be improved by adding a heat sink.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis product can get \u003cstrong\u003ehot\u003c\/strong\u003e enough to burn you long before the chip overheats. Take care when handling this product and other components connected to it.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eIncluded hardware\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA 1×16-pin breakaway\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e0.1″ male header strip is included with the TB6612FNG motor driver carrier. This strip can optionally be soldered to the carrier board so that it can be used with perfboards, solderless breadboards, or 0.1″ female connectors. (The headers might ship as two 1×8 pieces or as a single 1×16 piece that can be broken in half.)\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":31536085008467,"sku":"POL-713","price":10.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/0J4617.1200.jpg?v=1581693865"},{"product_id":"pololu-adjustable-boost-regulator-4-25v","title":"Pololu Adjustable Boost Regulator 4-25V","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis powerful, adjustable boost regulator can generate an output voltage as high as 25 V from an input voltage as low as 1.5 V, all in a compact, 0.42″ x 0.88″ x 0.23″ package. A trimmer potentiometer lets you set the boost regulator’s output voltage to a value between \u003cstrong\u003e4 and 25 V\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Pololu adjustable boost regulator is a very flexible switching regulator (also called a switched-mode power supply, SMPS, or DC-to-DC converter) that can generate voltages higher than its input voltage. The output voltage can be set using the trimmer potentiometer in the upper-right corner of the board. The input voltage range is 1.5 V to 16 V (the input voltage should be kept below the output voltage). The integrated 2 A switch allows for output currents high enough to drive small motors and allows large voltage gains, such as obtaining 24 V from two NiMH or NiCd cells.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSome example applications include:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePowering 5 V or 3.3 V systems from lower-voltage batteries\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePowering 5 V subsystems (e.g. sensors) in lower-voltage (e.g. 3.3 V) systems\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAchieving consistent actuator operation when powered by fluctuating batteries\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePowering high-brightness LEDs or a large number of LEDs in series\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFeature summary\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003einput voltage: 1.5 V to 16 V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eoutput adjustable from 4 V to 25 V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e750 kHz switching frequency\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2 A switch (and input) limit\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eintegrated over-temperature and over-current shutoff\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003etypical efficiency of 80-90% when doubling voltage and with 100-500 mA output\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003esmall size: 10.7 x 22.4 x 5.8 mm (0.42″ x 0.88″ x 0.23″)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eweight without header pins: 1.6 g (0.06 oz)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eUsing the Boost Regulator\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eConnections\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe boost regulator has just three connections: the input voltage, ground, and the output voltage. These three connections are labeled on the back side of the PCB.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSetting the output voltage\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe output voltage can be adjusted using a meter and a light load (e.g. a 10 kΩ resistor). Turning the potentiometer clockwise increases the output voltage. The output voltage can be affected by a screwdriver touching the potentiometer, so the output measurement should be done with nothing touching the potentiometer.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWarning: You should be careful not to use an input voltage that exceeds the output voltage setting\u003c\/strong\u003e, so we recommend setting the output voltage with the input voltage around or below 2.5 V (e.g. using one or two alkaline batteries). Note that the potentiometer has no physical end stops, which means that the wiper can be turned 360 degrees and into an invalid region in which the output voltage is set to approximately 2.5 V\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003eabsolute limit\u003c\/strong\u003e for the input voltage is double the output voltage setting. For example, if the output is set to 6 V, the input must not exceed 12 V. Once the input exceeds the output set point, the output voltage will rise with the input voltage since the input is connected to the output through an inductor and a diode.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNote:\u003c\/strong\u003e The trimmer potentiometer is not rated for continual adjustment back and forth; the intended application is to set the output voltage a few times in its life.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eEfficiency and available output current\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe available output current depends on the input and output voltages. The input current is limited to approximately 2 A, and the efficiency is typically 80% to 90%. Therefore, the maximum available current will be approximately 800 mA when doubling the input voltage and approximately 400 mA when quadrupling the input voltage. At high output powers, the 20% lost in the regulator will cause substantial heating, which can limit the available output power (the regulator will automatically shut off if its internal temperature gets too high). At low output currents and high input and output voltages, the efficiency drops closer to 50%, though the lower power involved prevents heating from being an issue.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eLC Voltage Spikes\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen connecting voltage to electronic circuits, the initial rush of current can cause voltage spikes that are much higher than the input voltage. If these spikes exceed the regulator’s absolute maximum voltage (16 V), the regulator can be destroyed. If you are connecting more than approximately 10 V or your power leads or supply has high inductance (e.g. your input leads are longer than a few inches), we recommend soldering a 33μF or larger electrolytic capacitor close to the regulator between VIN and GND. The capacitor should be rated for at least 25 V.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMore information about LC spikes can be found in this application note, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/docs\/0J16\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eUnderstanding Destructive LC Voltage Spikes\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":31536865280083,"sku":"POL-799","price":9.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/0J4329.1200.jpg?v=1581697464"},{"product_id":"t-connector-male-female-pair","title":"T Connector Male-Female Pair","description":"\u003cp\u003eThese are generic connectors similar to the popular Deans Ultra Plug connectors. They are sold as matching male-female pairs and have a current rating of 50 A.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThey are the smallest high-current connectors we know of, and they are great for projects that involve bigger motors and controllers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDimensions\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePins: 1x2\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eGeneral specifications\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePin type: straight\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCurrent rating: 50 A\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":31536992256083,"sku":"POL-925","price":1.25,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/0J437.1200.jpg?v=1581697472"},{"product_id":"pololu-carrier-for-sharp-gp2y0d815z0f-gp2y0d810z0f-and-gp2y0d805z0f-sensors","title":"Pololu Carrier for Sharp GP2Y0D815Z0F, GP2Y0D810Z0F, and GP2Y0D805Z0F Sensors","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis tiny carrier board makes it easy to integrate a Sharp digital distance sensor into your project by providing all of the required external components, an LED for feedback about the output state, and a 0.1″-pitch, three-pin interface to the sensor.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/products\/sharp-gp2y0d805z0f-digital-distance-sensor-5cm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eGP2Y0D805\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/products\/sharp-gp2y0d810z0f-digital-distance-sensor-10cm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eGP2Y0D810\u003c\/a\u003e , and \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/products\/sharp-gp2y0d815z0f-digital-distance-sensor-15cm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eGP2Y0D815\u003c\/a\u003e are Sharp’s smallest and fastest distance sensors, and this tiny carrier board for these sensors includes all of the external components required to make them work. With detection distances up to 150 mm and a typical sampling rate of almost 400 Hz, these sensors provides an attractive alternative to shorter-range LED-phototransistor reflectance pairs and longer-range but slower sensors such as the \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/products\/sharp-gp2y0a41sk0f-analog-distance-sensor-4-30cm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eSharp GP2Y0A41SK0F analog distance sensor\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, these sensors require external components and have a non-standard 1.5 mm pitch, which can make them difficult to integrate into projects based on a 0.1″ pitch. This carrier board includes these components and provides a 0.1″-pitch, three-pin interface: ground, power, and output.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eUsing the carrier board\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYou will need to solder the sensor to the carrier board so that the solder connections are made on the component-side of the board and the sensor package presses against the component-free side of the board. Once the sensor is soldered in, the Pololu carrier board lets you interface with the GP2Y0D815, GP2Y0D810, or GP2Y0D805 sensor using a three-pin 0.1″ connector.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe square pad is ground, the middle pad is VIN (2.7 – 6.2 V), and the remaining pad is the sensor output, OUT. Depending on your power source, you might notice an increase in performance by placing a large (\u0026gt;10 uF) capacitor between power and ground somewhere near the sensor.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA red LED on the back of the PCB lights when the output is low, indicating that the sensor is detecting something. If so desired, you can disable this LED by cutting the trace between it and the OUT pin where it is marked on the silkscreen or by desoldering the LED.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe GP2Y0D815Z0F, GP2Y0D810Z0F, and GP2Y0D805Z0F have an optional enable input that can be used to put the sensor into low-power mode. The Pololu carrier board connects this input to Vcc so that the sensor is always enabled, but you can solder a wire to the pad labeled “enable” on the back of the PCB if you want control over this input. Note that you will need to cut the trace that connects the enable line to Vcc on the PCB if you want to be able to disable the sensor. This trace is marked on the silkscreen, and there is a caret that indicates where we suggest you make the cut.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe carrier board has a 0.086″ mounting hole for a #2 or M2 screw. You can make the module more compact by cutting or grinding off this portion of the PCB if you do not need the mounting hole.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":31537512054867,"sku":"POL-1133","price":1.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/0J1179.1200.jpg?v=1581697467"},{"product_id":"sharp-gp2y0d810z0f-digital-distance-sensor-10cm","title":"Sharp GP2Y0D810Z0F Digital Distance Sensor 10cm","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis small digital distance sensor detects objects between \u003cstrong\u003e2 cm and 10 cm\u003c\/strong\u003e (0.8″ and 4″) away. With its quick response time, small size, and low current draw, this sensor is a good choice for non-contact object detection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese small and responsive sensors from Sharp are great way to quickly detect the presence of nearby objects\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere are a few millimeters of hysteresis around the maximum range threshold and no hysteresis at the minimum range threshold. Note that these sensors will only tell you \u003cem\u003eif\u003c\/em\u003e there is an object within the detection range along their lines of sight; they will not tell you how far away the object is.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWith a detection distances up to 150 mm and a typical sampling rate of almost 400 Hz, these sensors provides attractive alternatives to shorter-range \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/products\/qtr-1a-reflectance-sensor-2-pack\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eLED-phototransistor reflectance pairs\u003c\/a\u003e and longer-range but slower sensors such as the \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/products\/sharp-gp2y0a41sk0f-analog-distance-sensor-4-30cm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eSharp GP2Y0A41SK0F analog distance sensor\u003c\/a\u003e. The output, Vo, is driven low when the sensor detects an object; otherwise, the output is high.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePlease note that this sensor requires external components and has a non-standard 1.5 mm pitch, which can make it difficult to integrate into projects based on a 0.1″ pitch. We offer a carrier board for this sensor that makes it much easier to use by including these required components and providing a 0.1″-pitch, three-pin interface: ground, power, and digital output.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSome example applications include:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ebreak-beam sensor or photogate alternative\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003enon-contact bumper or obstacle detector\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ea counter or timer of objects as they pass by\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFeature summary\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOperating voltage: 2.7 V to 6.2 V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAverage current consumption: 5 mA (typical)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDistance measuring range\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGP2Y0D805Z0F: 0.5 cm to 5 cm (0.2″ to 2″)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGP2Y0D810Z0F: 2 cm to 10 cm (0.8″ to 4″)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGP2Y0D815Z0F: 0.5 cm to 5 cm (0.2″ to 6″)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutput type: digital signal (low when detecting an object, high otherwise)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSteady state update period: 2.56 ms typical (3.77 ms max)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePackage size: 13.6 mm × 7 mm × 7.96 mm (0.53″ × 0.27″ × 0.31″)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWeight: 0.8 g (0.03 oz)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNote:\u003c\/strong\u003e This sensor requires external components, which are not included. Please see the datasheet or our \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/products\/pololu-carrier-for-sharp-gp2y0d815z0f-gp2y0d810z0f-and-gp2y0d805z0f-sensors\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003ecarrier board for Sharp GP2Y0D815Z0F, GP2Y0D810Z0F, and GP2Y0D805Z0F sensors\u003c\/a\u003e or for details.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":31537529946195,"sku":"POL-1135","price":6.25,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/0J1120.1200_efb83572-c198-47d2-bf67-f9af2122f531.jpg?v=1581701065"},{"product_id":"sharp-gp2y0a02yk0f-analog-distance-sensor-20-150cm","title":"Sharp GP2Y0A02YK0F Analog Distance Sensor 20-150cm","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe GP2Y0A02 is the longest-range optical distance sensor we carry, featuring a detection range of 8″ to 60″ (20 cm to 150 cm).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe high maximum detection distance makes this sensor a viable alternative to sonar in some applications. The distance is indicated by an analog voltage, making this sensor very easy to use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Sharp distance sensors are a popular choice for many projects that require accurate distance measurements. This IR sensor is more economical than sonar rangefinders, yet it provides much better performance than other IR alternatives. Interfacing to most microcontrollers is straightforward: the single analog output can be connected to an analog-to-digital converter for taking distance measurements, or the output can be connected to a comparator for threshold detection. The detection range of this version is approximately 20 cm to 150 cm (8″ to 60″).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFeature summary\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOperating voltage: 4.5 V to 5.5 V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAverage current consumption: 33 mA (\u003cstrong\u003enote:\u003c\/strong\u003e this sensor draws current in large, short bursts, and the manufacturer recommends putting a 10 µF capacitor or larger across power and ground close to the sensor to stabilize the power supply line)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDistance measuring range: 20 cm to 150 cm (8″ to 60″)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutput type: analog voltage\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutput voltage differential over distance range: 2.05 V (typical)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUpdate period: 38 ± 10 ms\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSize: 44.5 mm × 18.9 mm × 21.6 mm (1.75″ × 0.75″ × 0.85″)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWeight: 5 g (0.18 oz)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eLinearizing the output\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe relationship between the sensor’s output voltage and the inverse of the measured distance is approximately linear over the sensor’s usable range. The \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/file\/0J156\/gp2y0a02yk_e.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eGP2Y0A02YK datasheet\u003c\/a\u003e (703k pdf) contains a plot of analog output voltage as a function of the inverse of distance to a reflective object. You can use this plot to convert the sensor output voltage to an approximate distance by constructing a best-fit line that relates the inverse of the output voltage (V) to distance (cm).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNote:\u003c\/strong\u003e The GP2Y0A02YK0F model is a lead-free, RoHS-compliant version of the Sharp GP2Y0A02 Distance Sensor. The manufacturer recommends you insert a bypass capacitor of 10 µF or more between Vcc and GND near this sensor to stabilize your power supply line.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":31546945830995,"sku":"POL-1137","price":10.75,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/0J1125.1200.jpg?v=1581942273"},{"product_id":"pololu-universal-aluminum-mounting-hub-for-5mm-shaft-4-40-holes-2-pack","title":"Pololu Universal Aluminum Mounting Hub for 5mm Shaft, #4-40 Holes (2-Pack)","description":"\u003cp\u003eThese universal aluminum mounting hubs allow you to mount custom wheels and mechanisms to \u003cstrong\u003e5 mm\u003c\/strong\u003e diameter motor shafts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe set includes two hubs, two #4-40 set screws for securing the hubs to motor shafts, and one\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e0.05″ Allen wrench\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor use with the set screws. Each hub has four threaded mounting holes for #4-40 screws (not included).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese universal mounting hubs are designed to work with most 5 mm diameter shafts, including round shafts and “D” shafts. Each of the two included hubs has four mounting holes for #4-40 screws (not included), letting you mount custom wheels or mechanisms to your motors. The two included #4-40 hex set screws (one for each hub) allow secure coupling of shaft to hub, and a 0.05″ hex wrench (often the smallest size in SAE Allen wrench sets) is included for use with the set screws.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDimensions\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSize: 19 mm diameter × 5 mm thick\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWeight: 3.2 g\u003csup\u003e1\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eShaft diameter: 5 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMounting hole size: #4-40\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003csup\u003e1\u003c\/sup\u003eFor a single hub only (without set screw).\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":31546988363859,"sku":"POL-1203","price":7.25,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/0J2468.1200_512dca0b-90f4-4482-817c-44f87d091960.jpg?v=1581949476"},{"product_id":"3-pin-female-jst-ph-style-cable-30-cm-with-female-pins-for-0-1-housings","title":"3-Pin Female JST PH-Style Cable (30 cm) with Female Pins for 0.1\" Housings","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis 12-inch (30-cm) cable has 26 AWG wires and a 3-pin female JST PH-style connector.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe other ends of the wire are terminated with female pins for 0.1\" housing.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe wire color scheme matches the Sharp distance sensor pinout: red for power, black for ground, and white for signal.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":31547105411155,"sku":"POL-1798","price":1.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/0J3503.1200.jpg?v=1581949466"},{"product_id":"wires-with-pre-crimped-terminals-50-piece-10-color-assortment-m-f-3","title":"Wires with Pre-Crimped Terminals 50-Piece 10-Color Assortment M-F 3\"","description":"\u003cp\u003eThese premium wires are stranded 26 AWG wires with \u003cstrong\u003efemale terminals on one end and male terminals on the other end\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTogether with our \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/?q=crimp+connector+housing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003e0.1″ crimp connector housings\u003c\/a\u003e, these wires can be used to make custom cables with 0.1″ (2.54mm) connectors. The assortment of \u003cstrong\u003e3″ (7.5 cm)\u003c\/strong\u003e wires includes five each of ten different colors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBy combining these wires with our \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/?q=crimp+connector+housing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003ecrimp connector housings\u003c\/a\u003e, you can quickly and easily create custom cables with 0.1″ (2.54 mm) connectors that mate with various 0.1″-spaced connectors, including male and female headers and solderless breadboards. Just pick the housing for the correct number of pins, pick the colors and genders for your wires, and snap them into the housings (note: it’s not easy to get the wires back out, so plan carefully!). No soldering is required!\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYou can easily make cable harnesses or assemblies that branch from one connector on one side to multiple connectors on the other; you can also cut off one pre-crimped end and solder the wires directly to components to make swapping connections easy.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":31547207581779,"sku":"POL-1807","price":8.25,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/0J1993.1200.jpg?v=1581949480"},{"product_id":"male-crimp-pins-for-0-1-housings-100-pack","title":"Crimp Pins for 0.1\" Housings 100-Pack","description":"\u003cp\u003eThese pins can be crimped on 22-28AWG wires and snapped into our \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/?q=crimp+connector+housing\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ecrimp connector housings\u003c\/a\u003e to create custom cables that are compatible with standard 0.1\"-pitch headers and solderless breadboards.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOne crimp pin pack consists of 100 pins.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThey work with 22 to 28AWG wires, though 22AWG wires with thick insulation might be difficult to fit into the pins.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote that crimping these pins on wires can be a difficult and time-consuming process without a good \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/products\/universal-crimping-pliers\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ecrimping tool\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"Male","offer_id":31579068989523,"sku":"POL-1931","price":9.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"Female","offer_id":31579069022291,"sku":"POL-1930","price":6.25,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/0J2474.1200.jpg?v=1581949474"},{"product_id":"pololu-5v-step-up-step-down-voltage-regulator-s7v8f5","title":"Pololu 5V Step-Up\/Step-Down Voltage Regulator S7V8F5","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe S7V8F5 switching step-up\/step-down regulator efficiently produces a fixed 5 V output from input voltages between 2.7 V and 11.8 V.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIts ability to convert both higher and lower input voltages makes it useful for applications where the power supply voltage can vary greatly, as with batteries that start above but discharge below the regulated voltage. The compact (0.45″ × 0.65″) module has a typical efficiency of over 90% and can deliver 500 mA to 1 A across most of the input voltage range.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Pololu step-up\/step-down voltage regulator S7V8F5 is a switching regulator (also called a switched-mode power supply (SMPS) or DC-to-DC converter) that uses a buck-boost topology. It takes an input voltage from 2.7 V to 11.8 V and increases or decreases the voltage to a fixed 5 V output with a typical efficiency of over 90%. The input voltage can be higher than, lower than, or equal to the set output voltage, and the voltage is regulated to achieve a steady 5 V.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis flexibility in input voltage is especially well-suited for battery-powered applications in which the battery voltage begins above the desired output voltage and drops below the target as the battery discharges. Without the typical restriction on the battery voltage staying above the required voltage throughout its life, new battery packs and form factors can be considered. For example:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA 4-cell battery holder, which might have a 6 V output with fresh alkalines or a 4.0 V output with partially discharged NiMH cells, can be used with this regulator to power a 5 V circuit.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA disposable 9 V battery powering a 5 V circuit can be discharged to under 3 V instead of cutting out at 6 V, as with typical linear or step-down regulators.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn typical applications, this regulator can deliver up to 1 A continuous when the input voltage is higher than 5 V (stepping down). When the input voltage is lower than 5 V (stepping up), the available current decreases as the difference between the voltages increases; please see the graphs at the bottom of this page for a more detailed characterization. The regulator has short-circuit protection, and thermal shutdown prevents damage from overheating; the board does \u003cstrong\u003enot\u003c\/strong\u003e have reverse-voltage protection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003einput voltage: 2.7 V to 11.8 V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003efixed 5 V output with +5\/-3% accuracy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003etypical continuous output current: 500 mA to 1 A across most combinations of input and output voltages (Actual continuous output current depends on input and output voltages. See \u003cem\u003eTypical Efficiency and Output Current\u003c\/em\u003e section below for details.)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003epower-saving feature maintains high efficiency at low currents (quiescent current is less than 0.2 mA)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eintegrated over-temperature and short-circuit protection\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003esmall size: 0.45″ × 0.65″ × 0.1″ (11 × 17 × 3 mm)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSize: 0.45″ × 0.65″ × 0.1″\u003csup\u003e1\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWeight: 0.6 g1\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMinimum operating voltage: 2.7 V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaximum operating voltage: 11.8 V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaximum output current: 1 A\u003csup\u003e2\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutput voltage: 5 V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReverse voltage protection?: N\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaximum quiescent current: 0.2 mA\u003csup\u003e3\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB dev codes: reg09b\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOther PCB markings: 0J7031\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003csup\u003e1\u003c\/sup\u003eWithout included optional headers.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c\/sup\u003eWhen stepping down; current available when stepping up depends on input and output voltages (over 500 mA in most configurations).\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003csup\u003e3\u003c\/sup\u003eWhile enabled (SHDN = HIGH) with no load. Actual quiescent current depends on input voltage\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eUsing the Regulator\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDuring normal operation, this product can get hot enough to burn you. Take care when handling this product or other components connected to it.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eConnections\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe step-up\/step-down regulator has four connections: shutdown (SHDN), input voltage (VIN), ground (GND), and output voltage (VOUT).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe SHDN pin can be driven low (under 0.4 V) to power down the regulator and put it in a low-power state. The quiescent current in this sleep mode is dominated by the current in the 100k pull-up resistor from SHDN to VIN. With SHDN held low, this resistor will draw 10 µA per volt on VIN (for example, the sleep current with a 5 V input will be 50 µA). The SHDN pin can be driven high (above 1.2 V) to enable the board, or it can be connected to VIN or left disconnected if you want to leave the board permanently enabled.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe input voltage, VIN, should be between 2.7 V and 11.8 V. Lower inputs can shut down the voltage regulator; \u003cstrong\u003e\u003cins\u003ehigher inputs can destroy the regulator\u003c\/ins\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e, so you should ensure that noise on your input is not excessive, and you should be wary of destructive LC spikes (see below for more information).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe output voltage, VOUT, is fixed at 5 V. The output voltage can be up to 3% higher than normal when there is little or no load on the regulator. The output voltage can also drop depending on the current draw, especially when the regulator is boosting from a lower voltage (stepping up), although it should remain within 5% of the set output.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTypical Efficiency and Output Current\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe efficiency of a voltage regulator, defined as (Power out)\/(Power in), is an important measure of its performance, especially when battery life or heat are concerns. As shown in the graph below, this switching regulator has an efficiency between 80% to 95% for most applications. A power-saving feature maintains these high efficiencies even when the regulator current is very low.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/files\/0J4490.1200_480x480.png?v=1581949711\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe maximum achievable output current of the board varies with the input voltage but also depends on other factors, including the ambient temperature, air flow, and heat sinking. The graph below shows output currents at which this voltage regulator’s over-temperature protection typically kicks in after a few seconds. These currents represent the limit of the regulator’s capability and cannot be sustained for long periods, so the continuous currents that the regulator can provide are typically several hundred milliamps lower, and we recommend trying to draw no more than about 1 A from this regulator throughout its input voltage range.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/files\/0J4492.1200_480x480.png?v=1581949730\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eLC Voltage Spikes\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen connecting voltage to electronic circuits, the initial rush of current can cause voltage spikes that are much higher than the input voltage. If these spikes exceed the regulator’s maximum voltage, the regulator can be destroyed. If you are connecting more than about 9 V, using power leads more than a few inches long, or using a power supply with high inductance, we recommend soldering a 33 μF or larger electrolytic capacitor close to the regulator between VIN and GND. The capacitor should be rated for at least 16 V.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMore information about LC spikes can be found in our application note, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/docs\/0J16\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eUnderstanding Destructive LC Voltage Spikes\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":31547586216019,"sku":"POL-2123","price":10.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/0J4482.1200.jpg?v=1581953073"},{"product_id":"drv8833-dual-motor-driver-carrier","title":"DRV8833 Dual Motor Driver Carrier","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis tiny breakout board for TI’s DRV8833 dual motor driver can deliver 1.2 A per channel continuously (2 A peak) to a pair of DC motors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWith an operating voltage range from 2.7 V to 10.8 V and built-in protection against reverse-voltage, under-voltage, over-current, and over-temperature, this driver is a great solution for powering small, low-voltage motors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTexas Instruments’ DRV8833 is a dual H-bridge motor driver IC that can be used for bidirectional control of two brushed DC motors at 2.7 V to 10.8 V. It can supply up to about 1.2 A per channel continuously and can tolerate peak currents up to 2 A per channel for a few seconds, making it an ideal driver for small motors that run on relatively low voltages. Since this board is a carrier for the DRV8833, we recommend careful reading of the \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/file\/0J534\/drv8833.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eDRV8833 datasheet\u003c\/a\u003e (1MB pdf). The board ships populated with SMD components, including the DRV8833, and adds a FET for reverse battery protection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDual-H-bridge motor driver: can drive two DC motors or one bipolar stepper motor\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOperating voltage: 2.7‌‌ V to 10.8 V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutput current: 1.2 A continuous (2 A peak) per motor\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMotor outputs can be paralleled to deliver 2.4 A continuous (4 A peak) to a single motor\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInputs are 3V- and 5V-compatible\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUnder-voltage lockout and protection against over-current and over-temperature\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReverse-voltage protection circuit\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCurrent limiting can be enabled by adding sense resistors (not included)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSize: 0.5″ × 0.8″\u003csup\u003e1\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWeight: 1.0 g\u003csup\u003e1\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGeneral specifications\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMotor driver: DRV8833\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMotor channels: 2\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMinimum operating voltage: 2.7 V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaximum operating voltage: 10.8 V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eContinuous output current per channel: 1.2 A\u003csup\u003e2\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePeak output current per channel: 2 A\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eContinuous paralleled output current: 2.4 A2\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReverse voltage protection?: Y\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003csup\u003e1\u003c\/sup\u003eWithout included hardware.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c\/sup\u003eTypical results with 100% duty cycle at room temperature.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eUsing the motor driver\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn a typical application, power connections are made on one side of the board and control connections are made on the other. The nSLEEP pin is pulled high on the board and can be left disconnected if you do not want to use the low-power sleep mode of the DRV8833. Each of the two motor channels has a pair of control inputs, xIN1 and xIN2, that set the state of the corresponding outputs, xOUT1 and xOUT2; pulse width modulated (PWM) signal can be applied to each of these inputs. The control inputs are pulled low internally, effectively disabling the motor driver outputs by default. See the truth tables in the DRV8833 datasheet for more information on how the inputs affect the driver outputs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe nFAULT pin is an open-drain output that is driven low by the chip whenever an over-current, over-temperature-or under-voltage condition occurs. Otherwise, it remains in a floating state, so you will need to connect an external pull-up resistor (or use a microcontroller input with its built-in pull-up enabled) if you want to monitor fault conditions on the driver.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003ePinout\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003ePIN\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eDefault State\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eDescription\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eVIN\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eReverse-protected 2.7‌ V to 10.8 V motor power supply connection. Operation with VIN below 5 V slightly reduces the maximum current output.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eVMM\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThis pin gives access to the motor power supply after the reverse-voltage protection MOSFET (see the board schematic below). It can be used to supply reverse-protected power to other components in the system. It is generally intended as an output, but it can also be used to supply board power.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGND\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGround connection points for the motor power supply and control ground reference. \u003cstrong\u003eThe control source and the motor driver must share a common ground.\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAOUT1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThe motor A half-bridge 1 output.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAOUT2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThe motor A half-bridge 2 output.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBOUT1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThe motor B half-bridge 1 output.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBOUT2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThe motor B half-bridge 2 output.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAIN1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLOW\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eA logic input control for motor channel A. PWM can be applied to this pin.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAIN2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLOW\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eA logic input control for motor channel A. PWM can be applied to this pin.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBIN1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLOW\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eA logic input control for motor channel B. PWM can be applied to this pin.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBIN2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLOW\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eA logic input control for motor channel B. PWM can be applied to this pin.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003enSLEEP\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHIGH\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSleep input: when this pin is driven low, the chip enters a low-power sleep mode. (Labeled SLP on the board silkscreen.)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003enFAULT\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFLOAT\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFault output: driven low in the event of an over-current, over-temperature, or under-voltage condition; floating otherwise. (Labeled FLT on the board silkscreen.)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAISEN\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCurrent sense pin for motor A. This pin is connected to ground and does not function by default, but current limiting can be enabled by making the modifications described below.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBISEN\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCurrent sense pin for motor B. This pin is connected to ground and does not function by default, but current limiting can be enabled by making the modifications described below.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCurrent limiting\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe DRV8833 can actively limit the current through the motors by using a fixed-frequency PWM current regulation (current chopping). By default, this carrier board connects the current sense pins to ground, disabling the current limiting feature. To enable current limiting, you can use a knife to cut the break points on the back of the board and then solder some appropriate current sense resistors to the unpopulated pads on the front, as indicated in the image below. The pads are sized for 1206 surface-mount resistors. Refer to the DRV8833 datasheet for information on how the resistor value determines the chopping current.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eReal-world power dissipation considerations\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe DRV8833 datasheet recommends a maximum continuous current of 1.5 A per motor channel. However, the chip by itself will overheat at lower currents. For example, in our tests at room temperature with no forced air flow, the chip was able to deliver 1.5 A per channel for about a minute before the chip’s thermal protection kicked in and disabled the motor outputs, while a continuous current of 1.2‌–1.3 A per channel was sustainable for many minutes without triggering a thermal shutdown. The actual current you can deliver will depend on how well you can keep the motor driver cool. The carrier’s printed circuit board is designed to draw heat out of the motor driver chip, but performance can be improved by adding a heat sink. Our tests were conducted at 100% duty cycle; PWMing the motor will introduce additional heating proportional to the frequency.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis product can get \u003cstrong\u003ehot\u003c\/strong\u003e enough to burn you long before the chip overheats. Take care when handling this product and other components connected to it.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":31547720204371,"sku":"POL-2130","price":11.25,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/0J3864.1200.jpg?v=1581956668"},{"product_id":"screw-terminal-block-3-pin-5-mm-pitch-side-entry-4-pack","title":"Screw Terminal Block: 5 mm Pitch (4-Pack)","description":"\u003cp\u003eThese screw terminal blocks have a pitch of \u003cstrong\u003e5 mm (0.197″)\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEach block has\u003cstrong\u003e terminals\u003c\/strong\u003e for the stripped ends of 22 – 14 AWG wires, and units can slide together to make longer strips. They are rated for 250 V, 16 A (UL) and ship in \u003cstrong\u003epacks of four\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese terminal blocks have terminals that hold and release wires through the simple adjustment of a screw, allowing you to easily make temporary connections to a PCB. The units each feature a ridge on one side and a slot on the other, which lets them slide and lock together to form arbitrarily long strips with a pitch of 5 mm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePins: 3\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpacing: 5 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWire gauge: 22-14 AWG\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCurrent rating: 16 A\u003csup\u003e1\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVoltage rating: 250 V\u003csup\u003e1\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eContact resistance: 20 mΩ\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWire strip length: 5 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTerminal type: screw\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003csup\u003e1\u003c\/sup\u003eUL rating\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"2-Pin - Side Entry","offer_id":39351758684243,"sku":"POL-2440","price":1.25,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"2-Pin - Top Entry","offer_id":39351758717011,"sku":"POL-2442","price":1.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"3-Pin - Side Entry","offer_id":39351758651475,"sku":"POL-2441","price":1.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"3-Pin - Top Entry","offer_id":39351758749779,"sku":"POL-2443","price":1.75,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/0J3611.1200.jpg?v=1581956672"},{"product_id":"sharp-gp2y0a51sk0f-analog-distance-sensor-2-15cm","title":"Sharp GP2Y0A51SK0F Analog Distance Sensor 2-15cm","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe GP2Y0A51SK0F is the shortest-range Sharp analog distance sensor we carry, featuring a detection range of 0.8″ to 6″ (2 cm to 15 cm).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe shorter range gives you higher resolution measurements, and the low minimum detection distance makes this sensor great for detecting very close objects. The distance is indicated by an analog voltage, making this sensor very easy to use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Sharp distance sensors are a popular choice for many projects that require accurate distance measurements. This IR sensor is more economical than sonar rangefinders, yet it provides much better performance than other IR alternatives. Interfacing to most microcontrollers is straightforward: the single analog output can be connected to an analog-to-digital converter for taking distance measurements, or the output can be connected to a comparator for threshold detection, making this an adjustable-threshold alternative to digital Sharp sensors. The detection range of this version is approximately 2 cm to 15 cm (0.8″ to 6″).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFeature summary\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOperating voltage: 4.5 V to 5.5 V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAverage current consumption: 12 mA (\u003cstrong\u003enote:\u003c\/strong\u003e this sensor draws current in large, short bursts, and the manufacturer recommends putting a 10 µF capacitor or larger across power and ground close to the sensor to stabilize the power supply line)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDistance measuring range: 2 cm to 15 cm (0.8″ to 6″)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutput type: analog voltage\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutput voltage differential over distance range: 1.65 V (typical)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUpdate period: 16.5 ± 4 ms\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSize: 27 mm × 13.2 mm × 14.2 mm (1.06″ × 0.52″ × 0.56″)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWeight: 2.7 g (0.10 oz)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSize: 1.06″ × 0.52″ × 0.56″\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWeight: 2.7 g\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaximum range: 15 cm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMinimum range: 2 cm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSampling rate: 60 Hz\u003csup\u003e1\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMinimum operating voltage: 4.5 V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaximum operating voltage: 5.5 V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSupply current: 12 mA\u003csup\u003e2\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutput type: analog voltage\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutput voltage differential: 1.65 V\u003csup\u003e3\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003csup\u003e1\u003c\/sup\u003eTypical; can be as low as 50 Hz.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c\/sup\u003eAverage; this sensor draws current in large, short bursts, which is why it is recommended a 10 µF capacitor or larger be placed across power and ground close to the sensor.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003csup\u003e3\u003c\/sup\u003eOver the range of 2 cm to 15 cm.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eLinearizing the output\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe relationship between the sensor’s output voltage and the inverse of the measured distance is approximately linear over the sensor’s usable range. The \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/file\/0J845\/GP2Y0A41SK0F.pdf.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eGP2Y0A51SK0F datasheet\u003c\/a\u003e (312k pdf) contains a plot of analog output voltage as a function of the inverse of distance to a reflective object. You can use this plot to convert the sensor output voltage to an approximate distance by constructing a best-fit line that relates the inverse of the output voltage (V) to distance (cm).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNote:\u003c\/strong\u003e The GP2Y0A51SK is different from our other \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/?q=sharp+analog+distance+sensor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eSharp analog distance sensors with JST PH connectors\u003c\/a\u003e in two important ways: it uses a different 3-pin connector (JST ZH) that is \u003cstrong\u003enot\u003c\/strong\u003e compatible with our JST PH cables or 0.1″ connectors, and the mounting holes are in different locations, so it is \u003cstrong\u003enot\u003c\/strong\u003e compatible with our \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/category\/160\/brackets-for-sharp-distance-sensors\"\u003ebrackets for Sharp distance sensors\u003c\/a\u003e. Like with most of the other Sharp distance sensors we carry, the manufacturer recommends you insert a bypass capacitor of 10 µF or more between Vcc and GND near this sensor to stabilize the power supply line.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":31547778072659,"sku":"POL-2450","price":10.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/0J6048.1200.jpg?v=1581956673"},{"product_id":"pololu-carrier-with-sharp-gp2y0a60szlf-analog-distance-sensor-10-150cm","title":"Pololu Carrier with Sharp GP2Y0A60SZLF Analog Distance Sensor 10-150cm","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe GP2Y0A60SZ distance sensor from Sharp offers a wide detection range of 4″ to 60″ (10 cm to 150 cm) and a high update rate of 60 Hz.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe distance is indicated by an analog voltage, so only a single analog input is required to interface with the module. The sensor ships installed on our compact carrier board, which makes it easy to integrate this great sensor into your project.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSharp’s distance sensors are a popular choice for many projects that require accurate distance measurements. This particular sensor is small and affordable, making it an attractive alternative to sonar rangefinders, while its wide sensing range and resistance to interference from ambient IR set it apart from other IR distance sensors. It consists of a Sharp GP2Y0A60SZLF module installed on a compact carrier board, which includes all of the external components required to make it work and provides a 0.1″ pin spacing that is compatible with standard connectors, solderless breadboards, and perfboards. With an ability to measure distances from as close as four inches to as far as five feet (10 cm to 150 cm), this sensor has the widest range of any of our Sharp distance sensors, and its 60 Hz update rate is more than twice that of Sharp’s older \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/products\/sharp-gp2y0a02yk0f-analog-distance-sensor-20-150cm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eGP2Y0A02YK0F analog distance sensor\u003c\/a\u003e that has a similar sensing range.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterfacing to most microcontrollers is straightforward: the single analog output, OUT, can be connected to an analog-to-digital converter for taking distance measurements, or the output can be connected to a comparator for threshold detection. The sensor automatically updates the output approximately every 16 ms. The enable pin, EN, can be driven low to disable the IR emitter and put the sensor into a low-current stand-by mode. This pin is pulled high on the carrier board through a 10 kΩ pull-up resistor to enable the sensor by default.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe board features one 0.125″ mounting hole that works with #4 or M3 screws (not included); if you do not need the mounting hole, you can cut that part of the board off to reduce its size.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e5V and 3V versions\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe GP2Y0A60SZ supports two operating modes: 5V and 3V. In 5V mode, the recommended operating voltage is 2.7 V to 5.5 V, and the output voltage differential over the full distance range is approximately 3 V, varying from around 3.6 V at 10 cm to 0.6 V at 150 cm. In 3V mode, the recommended operating voltage is 2.7 V to 3.6 V, and the output voltage differential over the full distance range is approximately 1.6 V, varying from around 1.9 V at 10 cm to 0.3 V at 150 cm. The \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/file\/0J812\/gp2y0a60szxf_e.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eGP2Y0A60SZ datasheet\u003c\/a\u003e (701k pdf) contains a plot of analog output voltage as a function of the distance for the two modes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/files\/0J5791.1200_480x480.jpg?v=1581956618\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe only difference between the two versions is the presence or absence of a zero ohm resistor as shown in the picture above (the component location is marked by a rectangle on the silkscreen). You can convert a 5V version to 3V by removing the resistor, and you can convert a 3V version to 5V by shorting across the two pads.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote that the 5V version can be powered all the way down to 2.7 V, and the relationship between the sensor output voltage and distance is mostly independent of the supply voltage. The main drawback to powering the 5V version at a lower voltage is the output voltage will not exceed the supply voltage, so the effective minimum detection distance might increase (i.e. for distances that would result in output voltages above your supply voltage, the output will instead be capped at the supply voltage). On the other hand, if you mostly care about measuring distances closer to the maximum end of the range, you could benefit from the increased output voltage differential of the 5V version even if you are only powering it at 3.3 V.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFeature summary\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOperating voltage:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e5V version: 2.7 V to 5.5 V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3V version: 2.7 V to 3.6 V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAverage current consumption: 33 mA (typical)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDistance measuring range: 10 cm to 150 cm (4″ to 60″)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutput type: analog voltage\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutput voltage differential over distance range:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e5V version: 3.0 V (typical)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3V version: 1.6 V (typical)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUpdate period: 16.5 ± 4 ms\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEnable pin can optionally be used to disable the emitter and save power\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSize without header pins: 33 mm × 10.4 mm × 10.2 mm (1.3″ × 0.41″ × 0.4″)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWeight without header pins: 2.5 g (0.09 oz)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eLinearizing the output\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe relationship between the sensor’s output voltage and the inverse of the measured distance is approximately linear over the sensor’s usable range. A graph of the output voltage over the usable distance to a reflective object can be found in the \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/file\/0J812\/gp2y0a60szxf_e.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eGP2Y0A60SZLF datasheet\u003c\/a\u003e (701k pdf). You can convert the sensor output voltage to an approximate distance by constructing a best-fit line that relates the inverse of the output voltage (V) to distance (cm).\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"5V","offer_id":31547816607827,"sku":"POL-2474","price":10.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"3V","offer_id":31547816640595,"sku":"POL-2476","price":10.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/0J5782.1200.jpg?v=1581960275"},{"product_id":"pololu-basic-spdt-relay-carrier-with-12vdc-relay-assembled","title":"Pololu Basic SPDT Relay Carrier with 12VDC Relay (Assembled)","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe Pololu basic relay carrier modules allow simple control of a single-pole, double-throw (SPDT) switch from low-voltage, low-current control signals.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis item includes the basic carrier PCB with a soldered-in 12 V relay, 5.0 mm terminal blocks for the switch connections, and straight 0.1\" male header for the control connections. The included power relay is an Omron G5LE-14-DC12 and is rated for up to 10 A under most conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Pololu basic relay carrier modules make it easy to control a single-pole, double-throw (SPDT) switch from low-voltage, low-current control signals. The modules are available with 5 V and 12 V power relays—\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/file\/0J619\/G5LE.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eOmron G5LE-14-DC5 and G5LE-14-DC12\u003c\/a\u003e (1MB pdf), respectively\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe carrier board has four mounting holes that work with #2 or M2 screws.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eUsing the relay module\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe switch portion of the relay is accessible on one side of the board while the control pins are routed to the other. The relay coil is powered by supplying the appropriate coil voltage for your specific relay across the VDD and GND pins, and it is activated by a digital high control signal on the EN pin. The control signal is fed directly to a BSS138 N-channel MOSFET, which in turn actuates the relay coil when the control voltage exceeds approximately 2.5 V, up to a maximum of 20 V (see \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/file\/0J620\/BSS138-7-F.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eBSS138 datasheet\u003c\/a\u003e (92k pdf) for details).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe relay switch terminals COM (common), NO (normally open), and NC (normally closed) are routed on the PCB with a minimum clearance of 60 mils (1.5 mm) from other copper. The copper traces are designed to be at least 45 mil (1.1 mm) from the board edges, though manufacturing variations in the board edges can make those distances slightly lower.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn most applications, the current and voltage ratings for the module will match the ratings of the relay used. Maximum current, maximum voltage, and life expectancy are interdependent; we therefore recommend careful examination of your relay’s datasheet.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWarning:\u003c\/strong\u003e This product is not designed to or certified for any particular high-voltage safety standard. Working with voltages above 30 V can be extremely dangerous and should only be attempted by qualified individuals with appropriate equipment and protective gear.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":31549734846547,"sku":"POL-2482","price":5.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/0J4372.1200.jpg?v=1582028675"},{"product_id":"pololu-basic-2-channel-spdt-relay-carrier-with-5vdc-relays-assembled","title":"Pololu Basic 2-Channel SPDT Relay Carrier with 5VDC Relays (Assembled)","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe Pololu basic 2-channel relay carrier modules allow simple, independent control of two single-pole, double-throw (SPDT) switches from low-voltage, low-current control signals.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis item includes the basic carrier PCB with two soldered-in 5 V relays, 5.0 mm terminal blocks for the switch connections, and straight 0.1\" male header for the control connections. The included power relays are Omron G5LE-14-DC5 and are rated for up to 10 A under most conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe carrier board has four mounting holes that work with #4 or M3 screws.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eUsing the relay modules\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe switch portion of the relays are accessible on one side of the board while the control pins are routed to the other. The relay coils are powered by supplying the appropriate coil voltage for your specific relays across the VDD and GND pins, and they are activated by digital high control signals on their respective EN pins. The control signals are fed directly to the BSS138 N-channel MOSFETs, which in turn actuate the relay coils when the signal voltage exceeds approximately 2.5 V, up to a maximum of 20 V (see \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/file\/0J620\/BSS138-7-F.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eBSS138 datasheet\u003c\/a\u003e (92k pdf) for details). The control pins are arranged to allow for several connection options: a single 1×4 cable can be used to supply coil power and the two control signals, or two 1×3 cables (such as servo cables) can be used side-by-side (one for each relay).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe relay switch terminals COM (common), NO (normally open), and NC (normally closed) are routed on the PCB with a minimum clearance of 60 mils (1.5 mm) from other copper and the edges of the board, though manufacturing variations in the board edges can make those distances slightly lower.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn most applications, the current and voltage ratings for the module will match the ratings of the relay used. Maximum current, maximum voltage, and life expectancy are interdependent; we therefore recommend careful examination of your relay’s datasheet.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWarning:\u003c\/strong\u003e This product is not designed to or certified for any particular high-voltage safety standard. Working with voltages above 30 V can be extremely dangerous and should only be attempted by qualified individuals with appropriate equipment and protective gear.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eOptional DC barrel jack\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe carrier board makes it possible to optionally power the relays from a \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/products\/dc-barrel-power-jack-connector\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eDC barrel jack\u003c\/a\u003e (not included). The DC barrel jack can be placed in three configurations (the jack can also be installed in one configuration on the bottom side of the PCB).\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":31549756244051,"sku":"POL-2485","price":9.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/0J4551.1200.jpg?v=1582027975"},{"product_id":"pololu-basic-2-channel-spdt-relay-carrier-with-12vdc-relays-assembled","title":"Pololu Basic 2-Channel SPDT Relay Carrier with 12VDC Relays (Assembled)","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe Pololu basic 2-channel relay carrier modules allow simple, independent control of two single-pole, double-throw (SPDT) switches from low-voltage, low-current control signals.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis item includes the basic carrier PCB with two soldered-in 12 V relays, 5.0 mm terminal blocks for the switch connections, and straight 0.1\" male header for the control connections. The included power relays are Omron G5LE-14-DC12 and are rated for up to 10 A under most conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe carrier board has four mounting holes that work with #4 or M3 screws.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eUsing the relay modules\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe switch portion of the relays are accessible on one side of the board while the control pins are routed to the other. The relay coils are powered by supplying the appropriate coil voltage for your specific relays across the VDD and GND pins, and they are activated by digital high control signals on their respective EN pins. The control signals are fed directly to the BSS138 N-channel MOSFETs, which in turn actuate the relay coils when the signal voltage exceeds approximately 2.5 V, up to a maximum of 20 V (see \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/file\/0J620\/BSS138-7-F.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eBSS138 datasheet\u003c\/a\u003e (92k pdf) for details). The control pins are arranged to allow for several connection options: a single 1×4 cable can be used to supply coil power and the two control signals, or two 1×3 cables (such as servo cables) can be used side-by-side (one for each relay).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe relay switch terminals COM (common), NO (normally open), and NC (normally closed) are routed on the PCB with a minimum clearance of 60 mils (1.5 mm) from other copper and the edges of the board, though manufacturing variations in the board edges can make those distances slightly lower.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn most applications, the current and voltage ratings for the module will match the ratings of the relay used. Maximum current, maximum voltage, and life expectancy are interdependent; we therefore recommend careful examination of your relay’s datasheet.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWarning:\u003c\/strong\u003e This product is not designed to or certified for any particular high-voltage safety standard. Working with voltages above 30 V can be extremely dangerous and should only be attempted by qualified individuals with appropriate equipment and protective gear.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eOptional DC barrel jack\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe carrier board makes it possible to optionally power the relays from a \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/products\/dc-barrel-power-jack-connector\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eDC barrel jack\u003c\/a\u003e (not included). The DC barrel jack can be placed in three configurations, two of which are shown in the pictures above (the jack can also be installed in one configuration on the bottom side of the PCB).\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":31549776855123,"sku":"POL-2487","price":9.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/0J4553.1200.jpg?v=1582028674"},{"product_id":"bracket-pair-for-sharp-gp2y0a02-gp2y0a21-and-gp2y0a41-distance-sensors","title":"Bracket Pair for Sharp GP2Y0A02, GP2Y0A21, and GP2Y0A41 Distance Sensors","description":"\u003cp\u003eThese lightweight aluminum brackets make it easy to mount and integrate the Sharp GP2Y0A02, GP2Y0A21, and GP2Y0A41 Distance Sensors into your project.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe brackets are strong enough to hold their position, but they can also be bent by hand to different angles if the application calls for it. These brackets, which allow for a tall and slender perpendicular sensor orientation, are sold in \u003cstrong\u003epairs\u003c\/strong\u003e, and four M3 screws and nuts are included for securing sensors to the brackets.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese lightweight brackets are made from 0.8mm-thick aluminum and are specifically designed to work with Sharp’s analog \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/products\/sharp-gp2y0a02yk0f-analog-distance-sensor-20-150cm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eGP2Y0A02\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/products\/sharp-gp2y0a21yk0f-analog-distance-sensor-10-80cm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eGP2Y0A21\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/products\/sharp-gp2y0a41sk0f-analog-distance-sensor-4-30cm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eGP2Y0A41 distance sensors\u003c\/a\u003e. Three versions are available: compact \u003cstrong\u003eperpendicular\u003c\/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong\u003eparallel versions\u003c\/strong\u003e, and a slightly larger but more versatile \u003cstrong\u003emulti-option version\u003c\/strong\u003e that allows for mounting the sensor in either orientation along with greater flexibility in sensor placement relative to the mounting surface.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe brackets are strong enough to hold their default 90° bend, but they can be bent by hand to different angles if the application calls for it.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe brackets are sold in pairs, and four M3×5mm screws and nuts are included (two for each bracket) for securing the sensors to the brackets. The other side of each bracket has mounting options intended for use with #4 or M3 screws.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePlease note that the brackets might ship with a protective blue film that can be optionally be peeled off:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDetails for the Perpendicular bracket\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis compact version of the bracket allows for the sensor to be mounted in a tall and slender perpendicular orientation. For a slightly more compact solution, the sensor can also be mounted on the inside of the L-shaped bracket.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDetails for the Parallel bracket\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis compact version of the bracket allows for the sensor to be mounted in a low-profile parallel orientation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDetails for the Multi-Option bracket\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis multi-option version of the bracket offers the versatility of mounting the sensor in either a parallel or perpendicular orientation, and the long slots provide flexibility in positioning of the bracket on the mounting surface. With the sensor in the perpendicular orientation, the slot in the other face allows for side-to-side adjustment, and with the sensor in the parallel orientation, the sensor position can be adjusted forward or backward. In both orientations, the bracket can be mounted such that the sensor extends significantly past the edge of the mounting surface of so desired.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"Perpendicular","offer_id":31549850976339,"sku":"POL-2677","price":2.75,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"Parallel","offer_id":31549851009107,"sku":"POL-2678","price":2.75,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"Multi-Option","offer_id":31549851041875,"sku":"POL-2679","price":3.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/0J5934.1200.jpg?v=1582032273"},{"product_id":"12mm-hex-wheel-adapter-for-6mm-shaft-extended-2-pack","title":"12mm Hex Wheel Adapter for 6mm Shaft, Extended (2-Pack)","description":"\u003cp\u003eThese \u003cstrong\u003e35 mm\u003c\/strong\u003e long aluminum adapters convert a \u003cstrong\u003e6 mm\u003c\/strong\u003e diameter shaft to a 12 mm hex shaft that is compatible with many common hobby RC wheels.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe set includes \u003cstrong\u003etwo\u003c\/strong\u003e adapters, two M4 screws for securing wheels to the adapters, four M3 set screws for securing the adapters to motor shafts, and one 1.5 mm Allen wrench for use with the set screws.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese light-weight aluminum shaft adapters convert a typical motor output shaft into a 12 mm hex shaft that is compatible with many common hobby RC wheels. The side of each adapter that mounts to the wheel contains a hole tapped for M4 screws, and the other side of the adapter mounts to a motor shaft with two M3 set screws. This set includes a pair of adapters, two 8 mm M4 screws, four M3 set screws, and one 1.5 mm Allen wrench for use with the set screws.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis 12 mm hex adapter is 35 mm in length and designed to work with 6 mm diameter output shafts, including round and “D” shafts. The wheel shown in the picture is a hobby RC wheel that works with 12mm hex shafts; we do not currently carry this wheel or any other wheels that are compatible with this adapter.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":31549882171475,"sku":"POL-2687","price":3.75,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/0J6115.1200.jpg?v=1582032269"},{"product_id":"altimu-10-v5-gyro-accelerometer-compass-and-altimeter-lsm6ds33-lis3mdl-and-lps25h-carrier","title":"AltIMU-10 v5 Gyro, Accelerometer, Compass, and Altimeter (LSM6DS33, LIS3MDL, and LPS25H Carrier)","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe Pololu AltIMU-10 v5 is an inertial measurement unit (IMU) and altimeter that features the same LSM6DS33 gyro and accelerometer and LIS3MDL magnetometer as the MinIMU-9 v5, and adds an LPS25H digital barometer.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAn I²C interface accesses ten independent pressure, rotation, acceleration, and magnetic measurements that can be used to calculate the sensor’s altitude and absolute orientation. The board operates from 2.5 to 5.5 V and has a 0.1″ pin spacing.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Pololu AltIMU-10 v5 is a compact (1.0″ × 0.5″) board that combines ST’s LSM6DS33 3-axis gyroscope and 3-axis accelerometer, LIS3MDL 3-axis magnetometer, and LPS25H digital barometer to form an inertial measurement unit (IMU) and altimeter; we therefore recommend careful reading of the \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/file\/0J1087\/LSM6DS33.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eLSM6DS33 datasheet\u003c\/a\u003e (1MB pdf), \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/file\/0J1089\/LIS3MDL.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eLIS3MDL datasheet\u003c\/a\u003e (2MB pdf), and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/file\/0J761\/LPS25H.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eLPS25H datasheet\u003c\/a\u003e (1MB pdf) before using this product. These sensors are great ICs, but their small packages make them difficult for the typical student or hobbyist to use. They also operate at voltages below 3.6 V, which can make interfacing difficult for microcontrollers operating at 5 V. The AltIMU-10 v5 addresses these issues by incorporating additional electronics, including a voltage regulator and a level-shifting circuit, while keeping the overall size as compact as possible.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe LSM6DS33, LIS3MDL, and LPS25H have many configurable options, including dynamically selectable sensitivities for the gyro, accelerometer, and magnetometer and selectable resolutions for the barometer. Each sensor also has a choice of output data rates. The three ICs can be accessed through a shared I²C\/TWI interface, allowing the sensors to be addressed individually via a single clock line and a single data line. Additionally, a slave address configuration pin allows users to change the sensors’ I²C addresses and have two AltIMUs connected on the same I²C bus. (For additional information, see the I²C Communication section below.)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe nine independent rotation, acceleration, and magnetic readings provide all the data needed to make an attitude and heading reference system (AHRS), and readings from the absolute pressure sensor can be easily converted to altitudes, giving you a total of ten independent measurements (sometimes called 10DOF). With an appropriate algorithm, a microcontroller or computer can use the data to calculate the orientation and height of the AltIMU board. The gyro can be used to very accurately track rotation on a short timescale, while the accelerometer and compass can help compensate for gyro drift over time by providing an absolute frame of reference. The respective axes of the two chips are aligned on the board to facilitate these sensor fusion calculations. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe carrier board includes a low-dropout linear voltage regulator that provides the 3.3 V required by the LSM6DS33, LIS3MDL, and LPS25H, allowing the module to be powered from a single 2.5 V to 5.5 V supply. The regulator output is available on the VDD pin and can supply almost 150 mA to external devices. The breakout board also includes a circuit that shifts the I²C clock and data lines to the same logic voltage level as the supplied VIN, making it simple to interface the board with 5 V systems. The board’s 0.1″ pin spacing makes it easy to use with standard solderless breadboards and 0.1″ perfboards.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDimensions: 1.0″ × 0.5″ × 0.1″ (25 mm × 13 mm × 3 mm)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWeight without header pins: 0.8 g (0.03 oz)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOperating voltage: 2.5 V to 5.5 V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSupply current: 5 mA\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutput format (I²C):\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGyro: one 16-bit reading per axis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAccelerometer: one 16-bit reading per axis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMagnetometer: one 16-bit reading per axis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBarometer: 24-bit pressure reading (4096 LSb\/mbar)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSensitivity range:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGyro: ±125, ±245, ±500, ±1000, or ±2000°\/s\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAccelerometer: ±2, ±4, ±8, or ±16 g\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMagnetometer: ±4, ±8, ±12, or ±16 gauss\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBarometer: 260 mbar to 1260 mbar (26 kPa to 126 kPa)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe board features two mounting holes that work with #2 or M2 screws (not included).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eConnections\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA minimum of four connections is necessary to use the AltIMU-10 v5: VIN, GND, SCL, and SDA. VIN should be connected to a 2.5 V to 5.5 V source, GND to 0 volts, and SCL and SDA should be connected to an I²C bus operating at the same logic level as VIN. (Alternatively, if you are using the board with a 3.3 V system, you can leave VIN disconnected and bypass the built-in regulator by connecting 3.3 V directly to VDD.)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003ePinout\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003ePIN\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eDescription\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSCL\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLevel-shifted I²C clock line: HIGH is VIN, LOW is 0 V\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSDA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLevel-shifted I²C data line: HIGH is VIN, LOW is 0 V\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGND\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThe ground (0 V) connection for your power supply. Your I²C control source must also share a common ground with this board.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eVIN\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThis is the main 2.5 V to 5.5 V power supply connection. The SCL and SDA level shifters pull the I²C bus high bits up to this level.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eVDD\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e3.3 V regulator \u003cstrong\u003eoutput\u003c\/strong\u003e or low-voltage logic power supply, depending on VIN. When VIN is supplied and greater than 3.3 V, VDD is a regulated 3.3 V output that can supply up to approximately 150 mA to external components. Alternatively, when interfacing with a 2.5 V to 3.3 V system, VIN can be left disconnected and power can be supplied directly to VDD. \u003cstrong\u003eNever supply voltage to VDD when VIN is connected, and never supply more than 3.6 V to VDD.\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSA0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e3.3V-logic-level input to determine I²C slave addresses of the three ICs (see below). It is pulled high by default through 10 kΩ resistor. \u003cem\u003eThis pin is not level-shifted and is not 5V-tolerant.\u003c\/em\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe CS, data ready, and interrupt pins of the LSM6DS33, LIS3MDL, and LPS25H are not accessible on the AltIMU-10 v5. In particular, the absence of the CS pin means that the optional SPI interface of these ICs is not available.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eI²C Communication\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe LSM6DS33’s gyro and accelerometer, the LIS3MDL’s magnetometer, and the LPS25H’s barometer can be queried and configured through the I²C bus. Each of the four sensors acts as a slave device on the same I²C bus (i.e. their clock and data lines are tied together to ease communication). Additionally, level shifters on the I²C clock (SCL) and data lines (SDA) enable I²C communication with microcontrollers operating at the same voltage as VIN (2.5 V to 5.5 V). A detailed explanation of the protocols used by each device can be found in the \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/file\/0J1087\/LSM6DS33.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eLSM6DS33 datasheet\u003c\/a\u003e (1MB pdf), the \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/file\/0J1089\/LIS3MDL.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eLIS3MDL datasheet\u003c\/a\u003e (2MB pdf), and the \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/file\/0J761\/LPS25H.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eLPS25H datasheet\u003c\/a\u003e (1MB pdf). More detailed information about I²C in general can be found in \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/file\/0J435\/UM10204.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eNXP’s I²C-bus specification\u003c\/a\u003e (1MB pdf).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe LSM6DS33, LIS3MDL, and LPS25H each have separate slave addresses on the I²C bus. The board connects the slave address select pins (SA0 or SA1) of the three ICs together and pulls them all to VDD through a 10 kΩ resistor. You can drive the pin labeled SA0 low to change the slave address. This allows you to have two AltIMUs (or an AltIMU v5 and a MinIMU v5) connected on the same I²C bus. The following table shows the slave addresses of the sensors:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eSensor\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eSlave Address (default)\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eSlave Address (SA0 driven low)\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLSM6DS33 (gyro and accelerometer)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1101011b\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1101010b\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLIS3MDL (magnetometer)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0011110b\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0011100b\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLPS25H (barometer)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1011101b\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1011100b\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll three chips on the AltIMU-10 v5 are compliant with fast mode (400 kHz) I²C standards as well as with the normal mode.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eSample Code\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePololu have written a basic \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/pololu\/lsm6-arduino\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eLSM6DS33 Arduino library\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/pololu\/lis3mdl-arduino\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eLIS3MDL Arduino library\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/pololu\/lps-arduino\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eLPS25H Arduino library\u003c\/a\u003e that make it easy to interface the AltIMU-10 v5 with an Arduino or Arduino-compatible board like an A-Star. They also make it simple to configure the sensors and read the raw gyro, accelerometer, magnetometer, and pressure data.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor a demonstration of what you can do with this data, you can turn an Arduino connected to a AltIMU-10 v5 into an attitude and heading reference system, or AHRS, with \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/pololu\/minimu-9-ahrs-arduino\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003ethis Arduino program\u003c\/a\u003e. It uses the data from the AltIMU-10 v5 to calculate estimated roll, pitch, and yaw angles, and you can visualize the output of the AHRS with a 3D test program on your PC (as shown in a screenshot above). This software is based on the work of Jordi Munoz, William Premerlani, Jose Julio, and Doug Weibel.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eProtocol Hints\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe datasheets provide all the information you need to use the sensors on the AltIMU-10 v5, but picking out the important details can take some time. Here are some pointers for communicating with and configuring the LSM6DS33, LIS3MDL, and LPS25H that we hope will get you up and running a little bit faster:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe gyro, accelerometer, magnetometer, and pressure sensor are all in power-down mode by default. You have to turn them on by setting the correct configuration registers.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYou can read or write multiple registers in the LIS3MDL or LPS25H with a single I²C command by asserting the most significant bit of the register address to enable address auto-increment.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe register address in the LSM6DS33 automatically increments during a multiple byte access, allowing you to read or write multiple registers in a single I²C command. Unlike how some other ST sensors work, the auto-increment is enabled by default; you can turn it off with the IF_INC field in the CTRL3_C register.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn addition to the datasheets, ST provides application notes for the \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/file\/0J1088\/LSM6DS33-AN4682.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eLSM6DS33\u003c\/a\u003e (1MB pdf) and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/file\/0J1090\/LIS3MDL-AN4602.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eLIS3MDL\u003c\/a\u003e (598k pdf) containing additional information and hints about using them.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":31549963305043,"sku":"POL-2739","price":30.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/0J7062.1200.jpg?v=1582032271"},{"product_id":"pololu-rc-switch-with-relay-assembled","title":"Pololu RC Switch with Relay (Assembled)","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis RC relay enables easy control of large, electrically isolated loads in radio control (RC) systems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe activation threshold and direction are configurable, and a safe-start feature reduces the likelihood of unexpected activation. This assembled version ships with the 5V relay, terminal block, and straight male header pins soldered in, so it can be integrated into hobby RC systems without the need for additional soldering. The included power relay is an Omron G5LE-14-DC5 and is rated for up to 10 A under most conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis product consists of a single-pole, double-throw (SPDT) power relay and a control circuit that measures incoming radio control (RC) signals, making it easy to control large, electrically isolated loads in RC systems. Example applications include using extra channels on an RC receiver or servo controller to turn on lights, motors, or irrigation valves. The RC switch is available pre-soldered or as a partial kit that allows for greater application flexibility:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe RC switch measures the width of incoming RC pulses and compares it to a user-configurable threshold (with ±64 µs of hysteresis) to decide whether to activate the relay. By default, the threshold is approximately 1700 μs, with switch activation occurring above the threshold (longer pulses), but the switch has a learning mode that allows you to change the threshold and the activation direction. A safe-start feature reduces the likelihood of unexpected activation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe included relay is an \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/file\/0J619\/G5LE.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eOmron G5LE-14-DC5\u003c\/a\u003e (1MB pdf) and is rated for up to 10 A under most conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe board has four mounting holes that work with #2 or M2 screws (not included).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eOutputs and indicator LED\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe RC switch provides feedback about what state it is in via a yellow indicator LED. Status information is also provided on two output pins:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe GOOD pin indicates the presence of a valid RC signal (10–330 Hz pulse rate, 0.5–2.5 ms pulse width).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe OUT pin indicates whether the relay is activated (i.e. the relay coil is energized).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMore information about the Pololu RC Switch with Relay can be found in the \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/docs\/0J60\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003euser’s guide\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWarning:\u003c\/strong\u003e This product is not designed to or certified for any particular high-voltage safety standard. Working with voltages above 30 V can be extremely dangerous and should only be attempted by qualified individuals with appropriate equipment and protective gear.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":31550187470931,"sku":"POL-2804","price":10.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/0J4777.1200.jpg?v=1582035876"},{"product_id":"pololu-9v-1a-step-down-voltage-regulator-d24v10f9","title":"Pololu 9V, 1A Step-Down Voltage Regulator D24V10F9","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe compact (0.5″ × 0.7″) D24V10F9 synchronous buck voltage regulator takes an input voltage of up to 36 V and efficiently reduces it to \u003cstrong\u003e9 V\u003c\/strong\u003e while allowing for a maximum output current of \u003cstrong\u003e1 A\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis regulator offers typical efficiencies between 85% and 93% and has a very low dropout, so it can be used with input voltages as low as a few hundred millivolts above 9 V. The pins have a 0.1″ spacing, making this board compatible with standard solderless breadboards and perfboards.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe D24V10Fx family of step-down voltage regulators features the Intersil ISL85410 1A synchronous buck regulator and generates lower output voltages from input voltages as high as 36 V. They are switching regulators (also called switched-mode power supplies (SMPS) or DC-to-DC converters) with typical efficiencies between 80% and 95%, which is much more efficient than linear voltage regulators, especially when the difference between the input and output voltage is large. These regulators have a power-save mode that activates at light loads and a low quiescent (no load) current draw, which make them well suited for applications that are run from a battery.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe SHDN pin can be used to put the board in a low-power state that reduces the quiescent current to approximately 10 µA to 20 µA per volt on VIN, and a PG (power good) output can be used to monitor the state of the regulator’s output voltage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe regulators feature short-circuit\/over-current protection, and thermal shutdown helps prevent damage from overheating. The boards do \u003cstrong\u003enot\u003c\/strong\u003e have reverse-voltage protection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInput voltage: [\u003ci\u003eoutput voltage + dropout voltage\u003c\/i\u003e] to 36 V (see below for more information on dropout voltage)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFixed 3.3 V, 5 V, 6 V, 9 V, or 12 V output (depending on regulator version) with 4% accuracy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaximum output current: 1 A\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTypical efficiency of 80% to 93%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e500 kHz switching frequency (when not in power-save mode)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2 ms soft-start reduces in-rush current on power-up\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e200 μA typical no-load quiescent current\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrated over-temperature and over-current shutoff\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSmall size: 0.7″ × 0.5″ × 0.14″ (18 mm × 13 mm × 3.5 mm)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSize: 0.5″ × 0.7″ × 0.14″\u003csup\u003e1\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWeight: 1.0 g\u003csup\u003e1\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMinimum operating voltage: 9.1 V\u003csup\u003e2\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaximum operating voltage: 36 V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaximum output current: 1 A\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutput voltage: 9 V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReverse voltage protection?: N\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaximum quiescent current: 0.2 mA\u003csup\u003e3\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB dev codes: reg17a\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOther PCB markings: 0J8557, blank white box\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003csup\u003e1\u003c\/sup\u003eWithout included optional headers.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c\/sup\u003eFor small loads; this voltage rises approximately linearly up to 9.8 V at 1 A output.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003csup\u003e3\u003c\/sup\u003eWhile enabled (SHDN = HIGH) with no load; while disabled it is proportional to the input voltage (360 μA when the input is 36 V).\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eConnections\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe buck regulator has five connections: power good (PG). shutdown (SHDN), input voltage (VIN), ground (GND), and output voltage (VOUT).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe “power good” indicator, \u003cstrong\u003ePG\u003c\/strong\u003e, is an open-drain output that drives low when the regulator’s output voltage falls below 80% or rises above 120% of its target output voltage. This output is also actively held low for the duration of the regulator’s 2 ms soft-start period and while the regulator is being disabled by the SHDN input or by over-temperature or over-current fault conditions. An external pull-up resistor is generally required to use this pin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003eSHDN\u003c\/strong\u003e pin can be driven low (under 0.4 V) to turn off the output and put the board into a low-power state. There is a 100 kΩ pull-up resistor between the SHDN pin and VIN, so if you want to leave the board permanently enabled, the SHDN pin can be left disconnected. While the SHDN pin is being driven low, the current draw of the regulator is dominated by the current through the pull-up resistor and will be proportional to the input voltage. (At 36 V in it will draw about 360 μA.)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe input voltage, \u003cstrong\u003eVIN\u003c\/strong\u003e, powers the regulator. Voltages between 3 V and 36 V can be applied to VIN, but the effective lower limit of VIN is VOUT plus the regulator’s dropout voltage, which varies approximately linearly with the load (see below for graphs of dropout voltages as a function of the load). Additionally, please be wary of destructive LC spikes (see below for more information).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe output voltage, \u003cstrong\u003eVOUT\u003c\/strong\u003e, is fixed and depends on the regulator version: the D24V10F3 version outputs 3.3 V, the D24V10F5 version outputs 5 V, the D24V10F6 version outputs 6 V, the D24V10F9 version outputs 9 V, and the D24V10F12 version outputs 12 V.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTypical efficiency and output current\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe efficiency of a voltage regulator, defined as (Power out)\/(Power in), is an important measure of its performance, especially when battery life or heat are concerns. This family of switching regulators typically has an efficiency of 80% to 93%, though the actual efficiency in a given system depends on input voltage, output voltage, and output current. See the efficiency graph near the bottom of this page for more information.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn order to achieve a high efficiency at low loads, this regulator automatically goes into a power-save mode where the switching frequency is reduced. In power-save mode, the switching frequency of the regulator changes as necessary to minimize power loss. This could make it harder to filter out noise on the output caused by switching.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTypical dropout voltage\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe dropout voltage of a step-down regulator is the minimum amount by which the input voltage must exceed the regulator’s target output voltage in order to ensure the target output can be achieved. For example, if a 5 V regulator has a 1 V dropout voltage, the input must be at least 6 V to ensure the output is the full 5 V. Generally speaking, the dropout voltage increases as the output current increases. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe graphs below show the typical efficiency and dropout voltage of the 9 V D24V10F9 regulator as a function of the output current:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/files\/0J6014.1200_480x480.png?v=1582035299\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/files\/0J6015.1200_480x480.png?v=1582035312\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eLC voltage spikes\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen connecting voltage to electronic circuits, the initial rush of current can cause voltage spikes that are much higher than the input voltage. If these spikes exceed the regulator’s maximum voltage (36 V), the regulator can be destroyed. In our tests with typical power leads (~30″ test clips), input voltages above 20 V caused spikes over 36 V.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf you are connecting more than 20 V or your power leads or supply has high inductance, we recommend soldering a 33 μF or larger electrolytic capacitor close to the regulator between VIN and GND. The capacitor should be rated for at least 50 V.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMore information about LC spikes can be found in this application note, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/docs\/0J16\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eUnderstanding Destructive LC Voltage Spikes\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":31550207328339,"sku":"POL-2833","price":8.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/0J6002.1200.jpg?v=1582035874"},{"product_id":"pololu-3-3v-2-5a-step-down-voltage-regulator-d24v25f3","title":"Pololu 3.3V, 2.5A Step-Down Voltage Regulator D24V25F3","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis small synchronous switching step-down (or buck) regulator takes an input voltage of up to 38 V and efficiently reduces it to \u003cstrong\u003e3.3 V\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe board measures only 0.7″ × 0.7″, but it allows a typical continuous output current of up to \u003cstrong\u003e2.5 A\u003c\/strong\u003e. Typical efficiencies of 80% to 95% make this regulator well suited for powering moderate loads like sensors or small motors. High efficiencies are maintained at light loads by dynamically changing the switching frequency, and an optional shutdown pin enables a low-power state with a current draw of a few hundred microamps.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe D24V25Fx family of step-down voltage regulators generates lower output voltages from input voltages as high as 38 V. They are switching regulators (also called switched-mode power supplies (SMPS) or DC-to-DC converters) with typical efficiencies between 85% and 95%, which is much more efficient than linear voltage regulators, especially when the difference between the input and output voltage is large. The available output current is a function of the input voltage and efficiency (see the \u003cem\u003eTypical efficiency and output current\u003c\/em\u003e section below), but the output current can typically be as high as 2.5 A.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAt light loads, the switching frequency automatically changes to maintain high efficiencies. These regulators have a typical quiescent (no load) current draw of less than 1 mA, and the ENABLE pin can be used to put the boards in a low-power state that reduces the quiescent current to approximately 10 µA to 20 µA per volt on VIN.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe modules have built-in reverse-voltage protection, short-circuit protection, a thermal shutdown feature that helps prevent damage from overheating, and a soft-start feature that reduces inrush current.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInput voltage:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.5 V to 38 V for the version that outputs 3.3 V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e[\u003ci\u003eoutput voltage + dropout voltage\u003c\/i\u003e] to 38 V for output voltages of 5 V and higher (see below for more information on dropout voltage)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFixed 3.3 V, 5 V, 6 V, 7.5 V, or 9 V output (depending on regulator version) with 4% accuracy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTypical maximum continuous output current: 2.5 A\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrated reverse-voltage protection, over-current protection, over-temperature shutoff, and soft-start\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTypical efficiency of 85% to 95%, depending on input voltage and load; the switching frequency automatically changes at light loads to maintain high efficiencies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTypical no-load quiescent current under 1 mA; can be reduced to 10 µA to 20 µA per volt on VIN by disabling the board\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCompact size: 0.7″ × 0.7″ × 0.35″ (17.8 mm × 17.8 mm × 9 mm)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTwo 0.086″ mounting holes for #2 or M2 screws\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSize: 0.7″ × 0.7″ × 0.35″\u003csup\u003e1\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWeight: 2.6 g\u003csup\u003e1\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMinimum operating voltage: 4.5 V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaximum operating voltage: 38 V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eContinuous output current: 2.5 A\u003csup\u003e2\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutput voltage: 3.3 V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReverse voltage protection?: Y\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaximum quiescent current: 0.7 mA\u003csup\u003e3\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB dev codes: reg15a\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOther PCB markings: 0J8475\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003csup\u003e1\u003c\/sup\u003eWithout included optional headers.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c\/sup\u003eTypical. Actual continuous output current limited by thermal dissipation.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003csup\u003e3\u003c\/sup\u003eTypical worst case. The ENABLE pin can be used to reduce the quiescent current to a few hundred microamps.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eConnections\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis buck regulator has five connection points for four different connections: enable (EN), input voltage (VIN), 2x ground (GND), and output voltage (VOUT).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe input voltage, \u003cstrong\u003eVIN\u003c\/strong\u003e, powers the regulator. Voltages between 4.5 V and 38 V can be applied to VIN, but for versions of the regulator that have an output voltage higher than 4.5 V, the effective lower limit of VIN is VOUT plus the regulator’s dropout voltage, which varies approximately linearly with the load (see below for graphs of dropout voltages as a function of the load).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe output voltage, \u003cstrong\u003eVOUT\u003c\/strong\u003e, is fixed and depends on the regulator version: the D24V25F3 version outputs 3.3 V, the D24V25F5 version outputs 5 V, the D24V25F6 version outputs 6 V, the D24V25F7 version outputs 7.5 V, and the D24V5F9 version outputs 9 V.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe regulator is enabled by default: a 100 kΩ pull-up resistor on the board connects the \u003cstrong\u003eENABLE\u003c\/strong\u003e pin to reverse-protected VIN. The ENABLE pin can be driven low (under 0.6 V) to put the board into a low-power state. The quiescent current draw in this sleep mode is dominated by the current in the pull-up resistor from ENABLE to VIN and by the reverse-voltage protection circuit, which will draw between 10 µA and 20 µA per volt on VIN when ENABLE is held low. If you do not need this feature, you should leave the ENABLE pin disconnected.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe board has two 0.086″ mounting holes intended for #2 or M2 screws. The mounting holes are at opposite corners of the board and are separated by 0.53″ both horizontally and vertically.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTypical efficiency and output current\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe efficiency of a voltage regulator, defined as (Power out)\/(Power in), is an important measure of its performance, especially when battery life or heat are concerns. This family of switching regulators typically has an efficiency of 85% to 95%, though the actual efficiency in a given system depends on input voltage, output voltage, and output current. See the efficiency graph near the bottom of this page for more information.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe maximum achievable output current is typically around 2.5 A, but this depends on many factors, including the ambient temperature, air flow, heat sinking, and the input and output voltage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTypical dropout voltage\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe dropout voltage of a step-down regulator is the minimum amount by which the input voltage must exceed the regulator’s target output voltage in order to ensure the target output can be achieved. For example, if a 5 V regulator has a 1 V dropout voltage, the input must be at least 6 V to ensure the output is the full 5 V. Generally speaking, the dropout voltage increases as the output current increases.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSwitching frequency and behavior under light loads\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe regulator generally operates at a switching frequency of around 600 kHz, but the frequency drops when encountering a light load to improve efficiency. This could make it harder to filter out noise on the output caused by switching.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe graph below shows the typical efficiency of the 3.3 V D24V25F3 regulator as a function of the output current:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/files\/0J6080.1200_480x480.png?v=1582035864\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSince the regulator’s input voltage must be at least 4.5 V, dropout voltage is not a consideration for this 3.3 V version.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDuring normal operation, this product can get hot enough to burn you. Take care when handling this product or other components connected to it.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe over-current limit of the regulator operates on a combination of current and temperature: the current threshold decreases as the regulator temperature goes up. However, there might be some operating points at low input voltages and high output currents (well over 2.5 A) where the current is just under the limit and the regulator might not shut off before damage occurs. If you are using this regulator in an application where the input voltage is near the lower limit and the load could exceed 3.5A for sustained periods (more than five seconds), consider using additional protective components such as fuses or circuit breakers.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":31550226792531,"sku":"POL-2849","price":14.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/0J10005.1200.jpg?v=1582039475"},{"product_id":"a-star-32u4-mini","title":"A-Star 32U4 Mini","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe A-Star 32U4 Mini ULV is a programmable module based on the ATmega32U4 from Microchip (formerly Atmel).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis compact 1.9″ × 0.7″ board breaks out all 26 of the microcontroller’s I\/O pins (of which 7 can be used as PWM outputs and 12 as analog inputs), and loading programs is made easier by a Micro-USB interface and a preloaded Arduino-compatible bootloader.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Pololu A-Star 32U4 Mini boards are general-purpose programmable modules based on the ATmega32U4 AVR microcontroller from Microchip (formerly Atmel), which has 32 KB of flash program memory, 2.5 KB of RAM, and built-in USB functionality. The A-Star (abbreviated A*) adds a number of onboard features to support the microcontroller and make it easier to work with, including a 16 MHz crystal, a USB Micro-B connector, an in-system programming (ISP) header, a reset button, and three indicator LEDs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEach A-Star 32U4 Mini contains a switching regulator that efficiently produces 5 V from an external voltage source to power the microcontroller. Three different versions are available, covering a wide range of input voltages:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eA-Star 32U4 Mini ULV\u003c\/strong\u003e: 0.5 V to 5.5 V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eA-Star 32U4 Mini LV\u003c\/strong\u003e: 2.7 V to 11.8 V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eA-Star 32U4 Mini SV (ac02c)\u003c\/strong\u003e: 5 V to 36 V, 500 mA\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA robust power selection circuit enables seamless transitions between regulator power and USB power, and overcurrent and reverse-voltage protection help safeguard the board against accidental damage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll 26 general-purpose I\/O lines on the ATmega32U4 are accessible on the A* 32U4 Mini; 7 of these are usable as PWM outputs and 12 are usable as analog inputs. The board measures 1.9″ × 0.7″, the same size as an \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/products\/arduino-micro\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eArduino Micro\u003c\/a\u003e, and features a pair of mounting holes sized for #2 or M2 screws (not included).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe comprehensive \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/docs\/0J61\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003euser’s guide\u003c\/a\u003e provides the basics you need to get started with the A-Star as well as detailed technical information for advanced users.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis product requires a \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/?q=cab02\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eUSB A to Micro-B cable\u003c\/a\u003e (not included) to connect to a computer.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDimensions: 1.9″ × 0.7″ (1.95″ × 0.7″ including USB Micro-B connector)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProgrammable 16 MHz ATmega32U4 AVR microcontroller\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e32 KB flash (4 KB used by bootloader, leaving 28 KB available for user program by default)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2.5 KB SRAM\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1 KB EEPROM\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNative full-speed USB (12 Mbps)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePreloaded with Arduino-compatible bootloader (no external programmer required)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAll I\/O lines from the ATmega32U4 broken out in a compact package\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e26 general-purpose I\/O pins available along the sides of the board\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e7 pins can be configured as hardware PWM outputs\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e12 pins can be configured as analog inputs\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3 user-controllable LEDs\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReset button\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCan be powered from USB or from an external source:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eULV\u003c\/strong\u003e: 0.5 V to 5.5 V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLV\u003c\/strong\u003e: 2.7 V to 11.8 V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSV (ac02c)\u003c\/strong\u003e: 5 V to 36 V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSwitching regulator enables efficient operation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePower selection circuit allows for seamless switching between power sources and provides overcurrent protection\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReverse-voltage protection on external power inputs\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrecision 16 MHz crystal\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e6-pin ISP header for use with an external programmer\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eComprehensive \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/docs\/0J61\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003euser’s guide\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDetails for ULV\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003eA-Star Mini ULV\u003c\/strong\u003e can be powered from a \u003cstrong\u003e0.5 V to 5.5 V\u003c\/strong\u003e external source. The input voltage is regulated to 5 V by a TPS61202 switching step-up (boost) converter from Texas Instruments.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe regulator’s low minimum input voltage makes it possible to power this A* with 1 to 3 NiMH, NiCd, or alkaline cells or from a single lithium cell. Unlike standard boost regulators, the TPS61202 also features a linear down-regulation mode that is automatically enabled when the input voltage exceeds 5 V, allowing it to handle input voltages as high as 5.5 V.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe ULV’s switching regulator has an efficiency – defined as (Power out)\/(Power in) – of 70% to 90% for most combinations of input voltage and load.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDetails for LV\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003eA-Star Mini LV\u003c\/strong\u003e can be powered from a \u003cstrong\u003e2.7 V to 11.8 V\u003c\/strong\u003e external source. The input voltage is regulated to 5 V by a TPS63061 switching step-up\/step-down (buck-boost) converter from Texas Instruments.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe regulator’s flexibility in input voltage is especially well-suited for battery-powered applications in which the battery voltage begins above 5 V and drops below 5 V as the battery discharges. Without the typical restriction on the battery voltage staying above 5 V throughout its life, a wider range of battery types can be considered. For example:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA 4-cell battery holder, which might have a 6 V output with fresh alkalines or a 4.0 V output with partially discharged NiMH cells, can be used to power this A*.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA disposable 9 V battery powering the board can be discharged to under 3 V instead of cutting out at 6 V, as with typical linear or step-down regulators.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe LV’s switching regulator has an efficiency – defined as (Power out)\/(Power in) – of 80% to 90% for most combinations of input voltage and load.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDetails for \u003cstrong\u003eSV (ac02c)\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis version, the \u003cstrong\u003eA-Star Mini SV (ac02c)\u003c\/strong\u003e, can be powered from a \u003cstrong\u003e5 V to 36 V\u003c\/strong\u003e external source. The input voltage is regulated to 5 V by a 500 mA ISL85415 switching step-down (buck) converter from Renesas (which acquired Intersil).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs shown in the graph below, the SV’s switching regulator has an efficiency – defined as (Power out)\/(Power in) – of 80% to 95% for most combinations of input voltage and load.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/files\/0J5621.1200_480x480.png?v=1585067856\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe A-Star’s components, including the microcontroller and LEDs, draw 30 mA to 40 mA in typical applications. The rest of the regulator’s achievable output current, which depends on input voltage as well as ambient conditions, can be used to power other devices. The graph below shows output currents at which the voltage regulator’s over-temperature protection typically kicks in after a few seconds. These currents represent the limit of the regulator’s capability and cannot be sustained for long periods; a good estimate for the maximum continuous regulator output current is 60% to 70% of the values shown in the graph.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/files\/0J5622.1200_9ac2b529-1a5c-4a93-9317-5474059944fe_480x480.png?v=1585067790\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eArduino compatibility\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe A-Star 32U4 ships with a preloaded Arduino-compatible bootloader (which uses 4 KB of flash memory, leaving 28 KB available for the user program). Pololu provide a software add-on that enables the board to be easily programmed from the Arduino environment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe A-Star 32U4 Mini boards use the same microcontroller as the \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/products\/arduino-leonardo-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eArduino Leonardo\u003c\/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"\/en-eu\/products\/arduino-micro\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eArduino Micro\u003c\/a\u003e and run at the same frequency, and they are the same size as the Arduino Micro, but they offer a number of advantages over these other ATmega32U4-based boards. Most notably, their efficient switching regulators cover a wide range of input voltages, opening up new possibilities for powering projects built around Arduino-compatible microcontroller boards. Another advantage is the power selection circuit based on the TPS2113A power multiplexer from Texas Instruments, which allows safe, seamless power switching between USB and an external source without losses from passive components like fuses or diodes along with the ability to monitor and control the selected power source. Additionally, the A* 32U4 Mini breaks out a few additional pins from the ATmega32U4 microcontroller that are not exposed on the Arduino Micro or Leonardo, and it features larger, more convenient mounting holes than the Arduino Micro.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003ePinout\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor more information about the ATmega32U4 microcontroller and its peripherals, see \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.microchip.com\/wwwproducts\/en\/ATmega32u4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eMicrochip’s ATmega32U4 documentation\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrinted on the A* circuit board are indicators that you can use to quickly identify each pin’s capabilities: a triangle next to the pin means it can be used as an analog input, and a square wave symbol under the pin number means it can be used as a PWM output.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe A-Star 32U4 Mini can either be powered directly from the USB 5 V supply or from an external voltage source, which is regulated to 5 V by its onboard regulator, and the board’s power selection circuit enables automatic, uninterrupted transitions between the two power sources. When the A-Star is powered through an external power supply connected to the BAT+ and BAT- pins, its reverse-voltage protection circuit helps prevent it from being damaged by accidentally-reversed power connections, and the VIN pin can be used as an output to supply reverse-protected power to other devices. Alternatively, the external supply can be connected directly between VIN and GND, bypassing the reverse-voltage protection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.pololu.com\/docs\/0J61\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eA-Star 32U4 user’s guide\u003c\/a\u003e discusses the board’s features in more detail.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pololu","offers":[{"title":"ULV: 0.5 V to 5.5 V","offer_id":31550270472275,"sku":"POL-3102","price":20.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"LV: 2.7 V to 11.8 V","offer_id":31550270505043,"sku":"POL-3103","price":16.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"SV (ac02c): 5 V to 36 V, 500 mA","offer_id":31605660155987,"sku":"POL-3104","price":10.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0174\/1800\/products\/0J5603.1200.jpg?v=1582039470"}],"url":"https:\/\/shop.pimoroni.com\/en-eu\/collections\/pololu.oembed","provider":"Pimoroni Ltd","version":"1.0","type":"link"}